In developing epithelia, the core planar polarity proteins physically interact with each other and localize asymmetrically at opposite cell ends, forming intercellular complexes that link the polarity of neighboring cells. Using quantitative imaging to examine the composition of the core protein complex in vivo, we find that complex composition is unexpectedly plastic. The transmembrane protein...

The elemental ratios of marine phytoplankton emerge from complex interactions between the biotic and abiotic components of the ocean, and reflect the plastic response of individuals to changes in their environment. The stoichiometry of phytoplankton is, thus, dynamic and dependent on the physiological state of the cell. We present a theoretical model for the dynamics of the carbon, nitrogen and...

Epigenetic complexes play an essential role in regulating chromatin structure, but information about their assembly stoichiometry on chromatin within cells is poorly understood. The cellular assembly stoichiometry is critical for appreciating the initiation, propagation, and maintenance of epigenetic inheritance during normal development and in cancer. By combining genetic engineering, chromati...

Abstract. Soil ecological stoichiometry offers a tool to explore the distribution, cycling, limitation, and balance of chemical elements in tea plantation ecosystems. This study aimed how soil organic C (OC) nutrient contents (total N (TN), total P (TP), Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+) as well their stoichiometric ratios (C/N, C/P, N/P, Ca/Mg, Fe/Mn) varied with age (8, 17, 25, 43 years) depth (0–10, 1...

HIV-1 virions infect target cells by first establishing contact between envelope glycoprotein trimers on the virion's surface and CD4 receptors on a target cell, recruiting co-receptors, fusing with the cell membrane and finally releasing the genetic material into the target cell. Specific experimental setups allow the study of the number of trimer-receptor-interactions needed for infection, i....

Major ions and nutrient chemistry of surface water from the Devi river estuary, eastern India has been studied in order to understand governing biogeochemical processes. Concentration Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4 PO4 increases toward higher salinity; however, NO3 dissolved silica (DSi) decreases upper lower estuary. All major ions, except DSi, show highest lowest concentration summer monsoon season, ...

Porophyrins and their metal derivatives are strong DNA binders with association constant of  to  . Some of these compounds have been used for the radiations sensitization therapy of cancer and are targeted to interact with cellular DNA. Binding of porphyrins to DNA changes the expectral and other physic chemical characteristic of porphyrins, The mode of binding can be extracted from inspection ...

Ecological stoichiometry is an important aspect in the analysis of the changes in ecological system composition, structure, and function and understanding of plant adaptation in habitats. Leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations in desert phreatophytes can be affected by different depths of groundwater through its effect on the adsorption and utilization of nutrient and ...

Although much effort has been devoted to quantifying how warming alters carbon cycling across diverse ecosystems, less is known about how these changes are linked to the cycling of bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus. In freshwater ecosystems, benthic biofilms (i.e. thin films of algae, bacteria, fungi, and detrital matter) act as biogeochemical hotspots by controlling important fluxes of ener...

Ecosystems often show differential sensitivity to chronic nitrogen (N) deposition; hence, a critical challenge is to improve our understanding of how and why site-specific factors mediate biogeochemical responses to N enrichment. We examined the extent to which N impacts on soil carbon (C) and N dynamics depend on microbial resource stoichiometry. We added N to forest plots dominated by ectomyc...