This is the first issue of JPOSNA® to contain original scientific research and represents a major milestone for POSNA’s journal. I hope that becomes valued source POSNA members publish disseminate information advance field pediatric orthopaedics. Congratulations Ken Noonan, MD, Lisa DuShane, associate editors, reviewers, all who have helped bring this fruition. Research critical mission POSNA. ...

the us foreign policy processes in the middle east, in the post world war ii period, have always brought about security challenge, danger and crisis, in the region. all us presidents have experienced grave security crisis in this geopolitical area. there also exists many indications of distrust of the current foreign us policy exercised in the middle east on the part of middle eastern citizens....