BACKGROUND Individuals' faces communicate a great deal of information about them. Although some of this information tends to be perceptually obvious (such as race and sex), much of it is perceptually ambiguous, without clear or obvious visual cues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we found that individuals' political affiliations could be accurately discerned from their faces. In Study 1, ...

Spiders are arthropods that can be distinguished from their closest relatives, the insects, by counting their legs. Spiders have 8, insects just 6. Spider graphs are a very restricted class of graphs that naturally appear in the context of cograph editing. The vertex set of a spider (or its complement) is naturally partitioned into a clique (the body), an independent set (the legs), and a rest ...

Ab stract: Ac cord ing to H. F. Osborn, one of the three au thors of ‘Baldwin ef fect’, adap tive evo lu tion may not re quire nei ther nat u ral se lec tion nor the in her i tance of ac quired char ac ter is tics. An adap tive evo lu tion ary change in pop u la tion with out nat u ral se lec tion means that an iden ti cal adap tive change in ge net i cally dif fer ent or gan isms of a pop u la...

We show that the full covariant versions of higher curvature order gravities, like that of GR itself, can be derived by self-coupling from their linear, flat space, versions. Separately, we comment on the initial version of the bootstrap.

Nestling begging behavior is usually characterized by a behavioral response of increasing begging levels with an increase in nestling need or hunger. Recent evidence for the possible effect of learning on begging intensity raises the question of how learning can shape this response rule. In particular, it is not clear whether hungry nestlings can learn to reduce their begging when it is not suc...

a new base isolation method for reducing the destructive effect of earthquake is proposed in this method mushroom shaped basements are used under structures as base isolation. these basements have spherical surface and are located on foundations. basements have pinned arms that are connected. when the length of the arm is less then the radius of spherical surface, the action of them is similar ...