We show the point-spread function of a confocal microscope with an increased detection aperture. The increase in aperture is accomplished by coherent collection of the light from the specimen with two opposing objective lenses, i.e., type-B 4Pi confocal microscopy. We demonstrate experimentally its feasibility for detecting scattered or fluorescently emitted light. The 4Pi confocal point-spread...

nanocrystalline particles of cerium oxide (ceo2) have been prepared by the chemical precipitation method using cerium nitrate and urea with a molar ratio of 1:2. the results revealed that the formation of ceo2 fine particles is influenced by molar ratio of metal nitrates to fuel. well faceted ceo2 nanoparticles, were synthesized by thermal-assisted dissociation method at reflux temperature in a...

The transmission X-ray microscope’s 3D PSF exhibits an axial asymmetry that cannot be explained by an incoherent imaging model for either a lens or zone plate, with or without spherical aberration. OCIS codes: (340.7460) X-ray microscopy; (180.6900) Three-dimensional microscopy; (110.2990) Image Formation Theory

Purpose We have previously shown that invasive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploit the robust neutrophil response to form biofilms on contact lens surfaces and invade the corneal epithelium. The present study investigated the ability of multiple bacterial genera, all commonly recovered during contact lens-related infectious events, to adhere to and form biofilms on contact lens surfaces i...

Two types of laser illumination in live cell microscopy with a focus on the sample or in the aperture plane of the microscope objective lens are distinguished. For the second case two examples are described, namely light scattering microscopy with angular resolution and Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) with two interfering laser beams. Appropriate applications include morphological stud...

A comprehensive optical description of compound refractive lenses (CRLs) in condensing and full-field X-ray microscopy applications is presented. The formalism extends ray-transfer matrix analysis by accounting for X-ray attenuation by the lens material. Closed analytical expressions for critical imaging parameters such as numerical aperture, spatial acceptance (vignetting), chromatic aberratio...