In this research, fire and radiant heat protection and thermal comfort properties of cotton/nylon-Kermel blended woven fabrics, were utilized to predict the thermal comfort and protection limit of this fabric structure based on Woo and Barker developed model. The results showed that the porosity, the air permeability and the thermal resistance increased with Kermel fiber blend ratio. Conversely...

In this work, a two-dimensional analysis is used to study the thermal performance of a cylindrical heat pipe utilizing nanofluids. Three of the most common nanoparticles, namely Al2O3, CuO, and TiO2 are considered as the working fluid. A substantial change in the heat pipe thermal resistance, temperature distribution, and maximum capillary heat transfer of the heat pipe is observed when using a...

Determining organismal responses to climate change is one of biology's greatest challenges. Recent forecasts for future climates emphasize altered temperature variation and precipitation, but most studies of animals have largely focused on forecasting the outcome of changes in mean temperature. Theory suggests that extreme thermal variation and precipitation will influence species performance a...

Sterile insect release (SIR) is used to suppress insect pest populations in agro-ecosystems, but its success hinges on the performance of the released insects and prevailing environmental conditions. For example, low temperatures dramatically reduce SIR efficacy in cooler conditions. Here, we report on the costs and benefits of thermal acclimation for laboratory and field responses of codling m...

INTRODUCTION Military personnel are often required to wear ballistic protection in order to defend against enemies. However, this added protection increases mass carried and imposes additional thermal burden on the individual. Body armor (BA) is known to reduce combat casualties, but the effects of BA mass and insulation on the physical performance of soldiers are less well documented. Until re...

Most terrestrial ectotherms experience diurnal and seasonal variation in temperature. Because thermal performance curves are non-linear, mean performance can differ in fluctuating and constant thermal environments. However, time-dependent effects--effects of the order and duration of exposure to temperature--can also influence mean performance. We quantified the non-linear and time-dependent ef...

In this paper design of active suspension in a half car model is presented. The idea of suspension has to improve the ride quality while maintaining good handling characteristics of three road distrubancences bump and hole, sine and random .it input have been applied to disturb the suspension system. Then PID controller for active suspension system of half car model has been simulated by using ...

The level set method is susceptible to the numerical dissipation, which usually results in serious mass loss in the under-resolved regions at the interface. In this study, a hybrid particle level set method and a coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method, have been implemented with the aim at improving the mass conservation property of the level set method. A number of standard tests are con...

With the growing power consumption in modern high performance VLSI designs, nonuniform temperature distribution and limited heat-conduction capability have caused thermal induced performance and reliability degradation. Electromigration is the main reliability concern and will become a more limiting factor of IC designs. It must be addressed together with a thermal reliability modeling. This is...