The monitoring of heat flux is becoming more and more critical for many technologies approaching nanometric dimensions. Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) is one of the tools available for thermal measurement at the nanoscale. This measurement technics needs calibration samples. Therefore, micro-hotplates made of platinum heater suspended on thin silicon nitride (SiN) membranes were fabricated ...

The nucleon mass shift is calculated using chiral counting arguments and a virial expansion, without and with the ∆. At all temperatures, the mass shift and damping rate are dominated by the ∆. Our results are compared with the empirical analysis of Leutwyler and Smilga, as well as results from heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory in the large N c (number of color) limit. We show that unitar...

We use the gauge-gravity duality conjecture to compute spectral functions of the stress-energy tensor in finite-temperature N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the limit of large N(c) and large 't Hooft coupling. The spectral functions exhibit peaks characteristic of hydrodynamic modes at small frequency, and oscillations at intermediate frequency. The nonperturbative spectral functions d...

The thermal expectation values of all possible bosonic generalised retarded functions evaluated at zero energy are studied. The relationship of such functions to calculational schemes, technical problems and physical applications is outlined. It is then shown that all generalised retarded functions constructed from any one set of bosonic fields are equal at zero energy. This is done completely ...

The thermal expansion of a fluid combined with a temperature-dependent viscosity introduces nonlinearities in the Navier-Stokes equations unrelated to the convective momentum current. The couplings generate the possibility for net fluid flow at the microscale controlled by external heating. This novel thermomechanical effect is investigated for a thin fluid chamber by a numerical solution of th...

Temperature's pervasive effects on physiological systems are reflected in the suite of temperature-adaptive differences observed among species from different thermal niches, such as species with different vertical distributions (zonations) along the subtidal to intertidal gradient. Among the physiological traits that exhibit adaptive variation related to vertical zonation are whole organism the...

Pollution occurs when the concentration of various chemical or biological constituents exceed a level implying negative impact on amenities, the eco-system, resources and human health. Oil spills are the serious environmental   hazards which often exhibit long-term impacts. The main objective of response to an oil spill is to reduce its impact on nature and human health. This paper allows us to...

In recent years, soft computing methods have generated a large research interest. The synthesis of the fuzzy logic and the evolutionary algorithms is one of these methods. A particular evolutionary algorithm (EA) is differential evolution (DE). As for any EA, DE algorithm also requires parameters tuning to achieve desirable performance. In this paper tuning the perturbation factor vector of DE ...