Reformulating a scientific theory often leads to significantly different way of understanding the world. Nevertheless, accounts both theoretical equivalence and have neglected this important aspect theorizing. This essay provides positive account how reformulation changes our understanding. My simultaneously addresses serious challenge facing existing These failed characterize in that goes beyo...

Abstract. Hazard magnitude scales are widely adopted to facilitate communication regarding hazard events and the corresponding decision making for emergency management. A scale measures strength of a event considering natural forcing phenomena severity with respect average entities at risk. However, existing cannot be easily adapted comparative analysis across different types. Here, we propose ...