A profusion of fruit forms implies that seed dispersal plays a central role in plant ecology, yet the chance that an individual seed will ultimately produce a reproductive adult is low to infinitesimal. Extremely high variance in survival implies that variations in fruit production or transitions from seed to seedling will contribute little to population growth. The hey issue is that variance i...

These lect.ures provide an int.rotluction t.o lat.tice methods for nonpert.urbat.ive studies of Quant ,um Chromodynamics. Lect.ure 1 (Ch. 2): Basic techniques for QCD and results for hadron spect.roscopy using t.he simplest. tliscretizat,ions; lect.ure 2 (Ch. 3): “improved actions”what they are and how well t,hey work; lect.ure 3 (Ch. 4): SLAC physics from t,he lat.t.ice-st.ructure functions, t...

The species problem is the persistent species. biological and philosophical debate on the meaning of the word "species" and the methods of species identification. With a meaning of "species" that follows from a simple model of DNA replication, species are shown to be real and non-arbitrary groups of organisms, under some circumstances. However, it also follows that many organisms do not belong ...

Atoh1 (Math1) was the first gene discovered in ear development that showed no hair cell (HC) differentiation when absent and could induce HC differentiation when misexpressed. These data implied that Atoh1 was both necessary and sufficient for hair cell development. However, other gene mutations also result in loss of initially forming HCs, notably null mutants for Pou4f3, Barhl1, and Gfi1. HC ...

We investigated the effect of salt, sugar, and hydrolyzed egg yolk protein (HEY) on yolk's rheological properties, thermal behavior, microstructure for a better understanding their gelation inhibition mechanism. Salted samples had highest yield stress, followed by HEY sugared samples. With addition denaturation temperature amount free water significantly increased. Conversely, sugar no signific...