The fact that the tissue affinity of thiamine propyl disulfide (TPD) is superior to that of thiamin hydrochloride has been shown by many studies in this country as well as in foreign countries. Especially, the distribution of thiamine in the blood after administration of TPD is worthy of note, i.e., the thiamine concentra tion in the blood, particularly in blood cells, is markedly higher after ...

AIMS To develop a Thiamine Deficiency Questionnaire (TDQ), and to assess its reliability in the identification of Thiamine deficiency, in patients with severe alcohol dependence. METHODS 58 severely alcohol dependent patients underwent socio-demographic, medical, psychiatric, and alcohol use assessment, including administration of the Thiamine Deficiency Questionnaire (TDQ). The Red Blood Cel...

A thiamine-binding protein was purified from the extract of rice bran acetone powder by conventional procedures of acid precipitation, a series of column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration of Sephadex G-200. The purified thiamine-binding protein was nearly homogeneous as judged by disc gel electrophoresis and the molecular weight was estimated to be 94,0...

CONTEXT Acute pancreatitis can lead to prolonged fasting and malnutrition. Many metabolic changes, including thiamine deficiency, may lead to the well know pancreatic encephalopathy. In this condition however the thiamine deficiency is rarely suspected. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 17-year-old woman with severe acute pancreatitis who developed mental status changes and ophthalmoplegia....

The water-soluble micronutrient thiamine is required for normal tissue growth and development in humans. Thiamine is accumulated into cells through the activity of two cell surface thiamine transporters (hTHTR1 and hTHTR2), which are differentially targeted in polarized tissues. Mutational dysfunction of hTHTR1 is associated with the clinical condition of thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemi...

Thiamine pyrophosphate is an essential cofactor that is synthesized de novo in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and other bacteria. In addition to genes encoding enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, mutations in other metabolic loci have been shown to prevent thiamine synthesis. The latter loci identify the integration of the thiamine biosynthetic pathway with other metabolic processes a...

Previous studies have suggested that diuretic therapy for heart failure may lead to thiamine deficiency due to the increased urinary thiamine excretion. Herein, we present the case of a 61-year-old man with shoshin beriberi, a fulminant form of wet beriberi, induced by long-term diuretic therapy. The patient had a history of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and was receiving furos...

Parental thiamine 100 mg/d was given. The next day, power of the upper limbs dramatically improved and speech became audible. Over the next 5 days, upper limbs regained full power. As2O3 at 5 mg/d for 28 days as maintenance was given 5 weeks later, with oral thiamine. There was no deterioration in neurology. Lower limb power continuously improved. RBC transketolase during arsenic maintenance wa...

In bacteria, many genes involved in the biosynthesis of cofactors such as thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) are regulated by ribo switches, regions in the 5' end of mRNAs to which the cofactor binds, thereby affecting translation and/or transcription. TPP riboswitches have now been identified in fungi, in which they alter mRNA splicing. Here, we show that addition of thiamine to cultures of the mode...

In humans, thiamine is a micronutrient prone to depletion that may result in severe clinical abnormalities. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on thiamine deficiency (TD) and bridges the gap between pathophysiology and clinical presentation by integrating thiamine metabolism at subcellular level with its function to vital organs. The broad clinical spectrum of TD is outlined, wi...