[Purpose] Many patients receive intermittent cervical traction in a daily treatment setting. However, unified settings for traction force, duration, and direction have yet to be determined. Therefore, an objective index is required to determine changes in traction conditions or to indicate its effectiveness. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy males volunteers participated in this study. [Methods] The t...

In the present investigation, free vibration of functionally graded material (FGM) skew plates under thermal environment is studied. Kinematics equations are based on the Reddy’s higher order shear deformation theory and a nine noded isoparametric Lagrangian element is adopted to mesh the plate geometry. The issue of C1 continuity requirement related to the assumed displacement field has been c...

Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of electrons at dielectric-metal interfaces reflect the nature of the electronic interaction with both the substrate and the adsorbed layer. The full understanding of macroscopic electrical transport properties across an interface requires the knowledge of the energies, spatial extent of the interfacial electronic states, and the electron scattering length. With th...

Through-thickness stress self-sensing in a quasi-isotropic carbon fiber epoxy–matrix composite by in-plane electrical resistance measurement is effective. The resistance decreases reversibly upon through-thickness compression conducted up to 67 MPa, due to an increase in the proximity between adjacent laminae. The sensing can be attained by measuring the surface resistance in the direction of t...

In this paper we investigate the limit behavior of the solution to quasi-static Biot’s equations in thin poroelastic flexural shells as the thickness of the shell tends to zero and extend the results obtained for the poroelastic plate by Marciniak-Czochra and Mikelić in [16]. We choose Terzaghi’s time corresponding to the shell thickness and obtain the strong convergence of the three-dimensiona...

This paper deals with the thermo-mechanical deformation behavior of shear deformable functionally graded ceramicmetal (FGM) plates. Theoretical formulations are based on higher order shear deformation theory with a considerable amendment in the transverse displacement using finite element method (FEM). The mechanical properties of the plate are assumed to be temperaturedependent and graded in t...

A = hole surface Ma = Mach number Re = Reynolds number reff = effective hole radius rmod = modified hole radius q = heat flux at the wall T = temperature T = spanwise mean temperature u, v, w = velocity in x, y and z direction x = downstream coordinate y = wall-normal coordinate z = spanwise coordinate = boundary-layer thickness = emission coefficient = cooling effectiveness = spanwise mean coo...

Given a convex set and an interior point close to the boundary, we prove the existence of a supporting hyperplane whose distance to the point is controlled, in a dimensionally quantified way, by the thickness of the convex set in the orthogonal direction. This result has important applications in the regularity theory for Monge-Ampère type equations arising in optimal transportation.

Magnetorheological as well as electrorheological fluids exhibit a phase separation when a field is applied to the suspension. We observe the formation of aggregates elongated in the direction of the field and whose length L is fixed by the thickness of the cell. The

The single-pass multi-layer depositing strategy is usually used to fabricate thin-wall structures with wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology. Various deposited wall thicknesses often lead a change in shrinkage the thickness direction, which affects shape stability, even microstructure properties. To systematically study effect of (δ) on 3D numerical models were established, vary...