This study investigated the effect of Cloisite15A (C15A) organoclay in the substrate layer on the performance of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The substrate of the RO membranes was modified using different loading of C15A (ranging from 0.3 - 0.7 wt%) within polysulfone (PSf) substrate and the polyamide (PA) selective layer was formed on the top. Effect of the modified substrate layer on the w...

In this work, the hydrophobic modification of TiO2 nanoparticles (HTiO2) was carried out by reacting with dodecylphosphonic acid (DDPA) and hexylamine solution. A facile approach of the self-assembly technique was used for the coating of hydrophobic HTiO2 layer over the microporous polypropylene (PP) membrane. The self-assembled layer was formed between the interface of trimesoyl chloride (TMC)...

A desired reflectance profile versus frequency (wavenumber) can be directly Fourier transformed into the index of refraction profile as a function of thickness which would produce the desired spectral reflectance profile. This tool has existed for some years now but does not seem to be in common use. This paper lays out some of the principles to aid in making the process more understandable, in...

The focus of this thesis is to analyze cost trends and government incentives in the California PV market during 2007-2008. The data show that pre-rebate system costs increased in California during this time period and that this was driven by a surge in worldwide module cost. Systems employing thin film technology did not exhibit a downward impact on cost, which contradicts historical and techno...

The paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) variable optical attenuator (VOA) made from an organic fluoropolymer thin film. The optical attenuation is achieved by changing the radius of curvature of the organic thin film by actuating a pneumatic force. The size of the organic polymer membrane is 4 mm × 4 mm and the measured centre displac...

The pull-in voltage instability associated with a simple MEMS device, consisting of a thin dielectric elastic membrane supported above a rigid conducting ground plate, is analyzed. The upper surface of the membrane is coated with a thin conducting film. In a certain asymptotic limit representing a thin device, the mathematical model consists of a nonlinear partial differential equation for the ...

The progress in high technology has led to the wide use of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFTLCD). The evolution of the manufacturing technology of TFT-LCD keeps increasing the size of TFT-LCD since a larger TFT-LCD allows a larger display application and an improved productivity. However, as the size of TFT-LCD increases, the size of TFT-array substrates and color filter substrat...