In recent years, the third or voluntary sector has become more important for ‘Europe’, as indicated by the 1997 Communication of the European Commission and various Declarations attached to the EU Treaties. These official statements not only suggest greater political interest in the third sector, they also seem to indicate that the European Union is taking a more active role in policy-making in...

Third Places refers to managed gathering spaces outside the home and work where people can engage in social interaction voluntarily. These places are known decrease stress build a sense of community. However, third currently developed western cultural context. This paper investigates role context eastern culture, specifically with Islamic values. Using qualitative approach, data was gathered us...

Child labor is an inseparable phenomenon in the s‌tructure of developing countries and third world nations. Numerous claims have been made about the benefits of the learning environment on child labor’s life. Individuals do their activities in designed environments, which can influence them. There were few s‌tudies on designing an educational place for child labors, especially in Iran. The purp...

Place attachment has been identified as a key construct that can explain pro-environmental behaviour. However, the precise strength of its effect remains undocumented. The aim this article is to quantify effects place on behaviour by means meta-analysis and examine contextual factors may variations in sizes reported previous research. Our results show that, first, overall positive, moderate. Se...

today, there are many concepts such as a sense of place and attachment to place presented in architecture and urban literature in the field of environmental studies. meanwhile, relationship between the two is not much explained. this study defines the concept of sense of place and attachment to place and the factors influencing them followed by providing a four- dimensional model derived from s...

M1 muscarinic receptor has been shown to be involved in cognitive functions of the brain. Conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm involves memory for the association between environmental stimuli and the rewarding properties produced by a treatment. Using a balanced CPP design, we studied the possible involvement of M1 muscarinic receptors on the acquisition, expression and consolidation of...

We consider the computation of Bernoulli, Tangent (zag), and Secant (zig or Euler) numbers. In particular, we give asymptotically fast algorithms for computing the first n such numbers in O(n2(logn)2+o(1)) bit-operations. We also give very short in-place algorithms for computing the first n Tangent or Secant numbers in O(n2) integer operations. These algorithms are extremely simple, and fast fo...

Gate resizing for minimum circuit delay is a fundamental problem in the performance optimization of gate-level circuits. In this paper , we study the complexity of two diierent minimum-delay gate resizing problems for combinational circuits composed of single-output gates. The rst problem is that of gate resizing for minimum circuit delay under the load-dependent delay model. The second problem...