There are many sources of both conservative and optimistic bias in classification accuracy assessment. In this Letter, we discuss three sources of optimistic bias: use of training data for accuracy assessment, restriction of refer" ence data sampling to homogeneous areas, and sampling of reference data not independent of training data. The magnitude and direction of bias in classification accur...

This paper entitled “Positive Politeness Strategy in the Conversation of Me Before You Movie”. The aims was to identify positive politeness strategy and explain factor influencing characters used strategies based on theory Brown Levinson (1987). data taken from utterance between movie. collected through documentation method by taking-note technique, this article qualitative analyze data, presen...

The Chinese household registration system (hukou) may be the most important determinant of differential privilege in state socialist China. Urban registrants are entitled to the best jobs, education, housing, and health care -all of which are unavailable to those with rural registration. Thus, transforming one’s hukou status from rural to urban is a central aspect of upward mobility. But given ...

In spite of the past few decades, gasification of waste is being used in the developed countries. Reducing the space for landfill sites, producing fuel from waste, as well as avoiding negative impacts of landfilling, are of advantages of gasification. The research was aimed at feasibility study of application of Tehran municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification in addition to understanding the wa...

climate change impacts on precipitation and temperature world-wide are not yet well understood (especially for precipitation), due to their complexity and regional variability. in this study in order to explicit the impact of climate change on precipitation and temperature in iran, 15 aogcm whose greenhouse gases scenarios ran under a2, a1b and b1 were used. monthly precipitation and temperatur...

The purpose of this study is to verify the condition European Union economy and its ability effectively implement concept sustainable development in era fourth industrial revolution. To achieve goal settled by research, we used technical indicator MACD (Moving Average Convergence / Divergence), based on assessment convergence divergence moving averages macroeconomic indicators. studies carried ...

Fair exchange protocol plays an important role in electronic commerce in the case of exchanging digital contracts. Verifiably encrypted signatures provide an optimistic solution to these scenarios with an off-line trusted third party. In this paper, we propose an identity-based verifiably encrypted signature scheme. The scheme is non-interactive to generate verifiably encrypted signatures and t...