We prove that the number of tile types required to build squares of size n× n, in Winfree’s abstract Tile Assembly Model, when restricted to using only non-cooperative tile bindings, is at least 2n− 1, which is also the best known upper bound. Non-cooperative self-assembly, also known as “temperature 1”, is where tiles bind to each other if they match on one or more sides, whereas in cooperativ...

In this paper, a subtractive clustering fuzzy identification method and a Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system are used to monitor tile defects in tile manufacturing process. The models for the tile defects are identified by using the firing mechanical resistance, water absorption, shrinkage, tile thickness, dry mechanical resistance and tiles temperature as input data, and using the concavity de...

We settle a number of questions in variants of Winfree’s abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), a model of molecular algorithmic self-assembly. In the “hierarchical” aTAM, two assemblies, both consisting of multiple tiles, are allowed to aggregate together, whereas in the “seeded” aTAM, tiles attach one at a time to a growing assembly. Adleman, Cheng, Goel, and Huang (Running Time and Program Siz...

The bactericidal activity of a general purpose disinfectant consisting of 25% sodium-o-phenylphenolate and 75% sodium-4- and 6-chloro-2-phenylphenolate was evaluated by a simulated in-use, surface-square dilution method. Common floor (asphalt, rubber, and unglazed tiles) and wall (stainless steel tile, ceramic tile, and painted wood) surfaces of various porosities and compositions were selected...

Pel/kert's essay expands the concept of the "Final Solution" to illcl'Uie ti,e perseCfltioll and exlermi11atiol1 of large 11umbers of non-Jews who were regarded by tile Nazis as racially or biologically "inferior," as "lives uHworthy of life." But the attempt to t1'llce racism back to science and rhe welfare state could perhaps risk leaving us with a story of Auschwitz without the Jews. We mlls...

“A trace element whose deficiency in experimental allimais requires unique environments and the preparation of special diets can hardly be of interest to human nutrition.” . . . “Nickel is so ubiquitous, it will never be of concern to tile human nutritionist.” . . . “Research with the ‘newer’ trace elements is of academic interest but of little relevance.” Investigators concerned witil tile rol...

In this paper we design tile self-assembly systems which assemble arbitrarily close approximations to target squares with arbitrarily high probability. This is in contrast to previous work which has only considered deterministic assemblies of a single shape. Our technique takes advantage of the ability to assign tile concentrations to each tile type of a self-assembly system. Such an assignment...

‘ITHE partial thromboplastin time assay (PTT) as developed by Langdell et al. (1) has proved to be a very usef ul test for studying the coagulatioll mechanism silice it C 11 reveal tile al)SellCe of any factor except Factor VII and platelets. lnder rigorously cOlitrolled COll(litiOlIS, the reproducibility of tile test is satisfactory. However, any change ill tile surface of the svl’inge, test t...

An efficient logic-enhanced memory architecture is presented that solves existing problems associated with 3D graphics tile-based hardware rasterization algorithms. The memory contains the same number of bits as the number of pixels in the tile, and during rasterization time it is filled up in several clock cycles by a systolic primitive scanconversion subsystem with the stencil of the primitiv...

Extensive network of tile drains present in the Midwest USA accelerate losses of nutrients to receiving ditches, rivers and eventually to the Gulf of Mexico. Nutrient inputs from agricultural watersheds and their role in affecting water quality have received increased attention recently; however, benthic sediment-nutrient interactions in tile-fed drainage ditches is still a matter of active res...