Saccades shift the retina with high-speed motion. In order to compensate for the sudden displacement, the visuomotor system needs to combine saccade-related information and visual metrics. Many neurons in oculomotor but also in visual areas shift their receptive field shortly before the execution of a saccade (Duhamel, Colby, & Goldberg, 1992; Nakamura & Colby, 2002). These shifts supposedly en...

In the well-known Fraser illusion, a line composed of tilted elements itself appears tilted. The standard explanation of this illusion has been that the global orientation of the line is in some way influenced by the local orientation of the elements. The illusion was recreated using a texture composed of collinear Gabor stimuli, which were vertical. There was no local tilt. The illusory tilt w...

A novel mechanism for membrane modulation of transmembrane protein structure, and consequently function, is suggested in which mismatch between the hydrophobic surface of the protein and the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer induces a flexing or bending of a transmembrane segment of the protein. Studies on model hydrophobic transmembrane peptides predict that helices tilt to submerge th...

Dimerization of single-pass membrane receptors is essential for activation. In the human thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR), a unique amphipathic RWQFP motif separates the transmembrane (TM) and intracellular domains. Using a combination of mutagenesis, spectroscopy, and biochemical assays, we show that W515 of this motif impairs dimerization of the upstream TpoR TM helix. TpoR is unusual in that a...

BACKGROUND Besides pharmacological therapy and pacemaker implantation, tilt training is a promising method of treatment in patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS). Tilt training is usually offered to patients with malignant or recurrent VVS which impairs their quality of life and carries a risk of injury. AIM To assess the efficacy of tilt training in patients with VVS. METHODS The study grou...

Large closed basins are often associated with regions of active tectonics. In contrast, we provide the example of the Great Divide Basin, in southern Wyoming, where climate change, through its impact on erosion and fl exure, provides the primary mechanism of basin closure. Twoand three-dimensional fl exural models that incorporate the effects of local basin abandonment due to aridity as well as...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of baroreceptor control on the postexercise threshold for forearm cutaneous vasodilation. On four separate days, six subjects (1 woman) were randomly exposed to 65 degrees head-up tilt and to 15 degrees head-down tilt during a No-Exercise and Exercise treatment protocol. Under each condition, a whole body water-perfused suit was used to regulat...

We characterize optical wave propagation along line defects in two-dimensional arrays of air-holes in free-standing silicon slabs. The fabricated waveguides contain random variations in orientation of the photonic lattice elements which perturb the in-plane translational symmetry. The vertical slab symmetry is also broken by a tilt of the etched sidewalls. We discuss how these lattice imperfect...

PURPOSE To evaluate how perceptual importance of spectral tilt is altered when formant information is degraded by sensorineural hearing loss. METHOD Eighteen listeners with mild to moderate hearing impairment (HI listeners) and 20-23 listeners with normal hearing (NH listeners) identified synthesized stimuli that varied in second formant (F(2)) frequency and spectral tilt. Experiments 1 and 2...

We investigated how the nervous system processes ambiguous cues from the otolith organs by measuring roll tilt perception elicited by two motion paradigms. In one paradigm (tilt), eight subjects were sinusoidally tilted in roll with the axis of rotation near ear level. Stimulus frequencies ranged from 0.005 to 0.7 Hz, and the peak amplitude of tilt was 20 degrees . During this paradigm, subject...