INTRODUCTION Resistive breathing (RB), a hallmark of obstructive airway diseases, is characterized by strenuous contractions of the inspiratory muscles that impose increased mechanical stress on the lung. RB is shown to induce pulmonary inflammation in previous healthy animals. Tiotropium bromide, an anticholinergic bronchodilator, is also shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The effect of...

moterol administered via the Aerolizer is well tolerated and results in a higher degree of bronchodilation within the fi rst 2 h and comparable bronchodilation over a period of 12 h compared with tiotropium regarding improvement in FEV 1 . These differences were maintained during a 7-day treatment and might have implications for future treatment of COPD with long-acting bronchodilators. The fac...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Neutrophil influx into the airways is an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of the inflammatory process in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previously it was shown that anticholinergic drugs reduce the release of non-neuronal paracrine mediators, which modulate inflammation in the airways. On this basis, we investigated the abil...

Since airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is to some extent reversible, bronchodilators play an important role in the maintenance treatment of COPD the more they reduce hyperinflation and, as a result, improve dyspnoea and exercise capacity. Since parasympathetic activity is the dominant reversible component of airflow obstruction in COPD, inhaled short-acting an...

Tiotropium, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist bronchodilator with well-established use in COPD, has recognized activity in reducing lung hyperinflation, as well as in relieving dyspnea and improving exercise capacity in this population of patients. In a recently published article, (2) tiotropium was shown to be able to attenuate TGF-β-induced airway remodeling. In addition, the combination of...

Introduction With emerging cases of adrenal suppression being reported in pediatric patients, finding appropriate steroid sparing agents is of clinical importance. Tiotropium bromide (TB), a long-acting anticholinergic, has recently been investigated in adults as a steroid-sparing agent in asthma step-up therapy. We report the first case of tiotropium bromide (TB) used as a step-up steroid spar...

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of once-daily tiotropium + olodaterol (T+O) maintenance treatment was demonstrated in the large, multinational, replicate, randomized, Phase III, Tonado(®) 1 (NCT01431274) and 2 (NCT01431287) studies in patients with moderate to very severe COPD. However, there may be racial differences in the effects of T+O on lung function in patients with COPD. METHODS In...

This Phase II, randomized, parallel group study was conducted as part of US regulatory requirements to identify the most appropriate dose long-acting muscarinic antagonist glycopyrronium bromide (GB) for use in a single-inhaler triple-therapy combination with inhaled corticosteroid beclomethasone dipropionate plus β2-agonist formoterol fumarate. Eligible subjects were adults COPD and post-bronc...

BACKGROUND Bronchodilators are central to the symptomatic management of patients with COPD.Previous data have shown that inhaled indacaterol improved numerous clinical outcomes over placebo. METHODS This systematic review explored the efficacy and safety of indacaterol in comparison with tiotropium or bid long-acting β 2 -agonists (TD-LABAs) for treatment of moderate to severe COPD. Randomize...

AIM INFLOW (INdacaterol eFfectiveness and utiLizatiOn in COPD: real World evaluation) was a prospective, noninterventional study assessing the effectiveness and safety of long-acting bronchodilators in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the Middle East, Asia, and South Africa. METHODS Patients newly prescribed or switched to indacaterol or other long-acting β2-ago...