This paper reviews recent achievements in the application of active-materials actuation to counteract aeroelastic and vibration effects in helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. A brief review of the induced-strain actuation principles and capabilities is done first. Attention is focused on the smart rotor-blade applications. The induced twist, active blade tip, and active blade flap concepts are...

A population of mesenchymal cells derived from the stage-25 chick wing tip gives rise to progeny of a similar morphology and to authentic fibroblasts when grown in low density culture. Mixed clones containing both cell types are often observed. As the more rapidly proliferating fibroblasts begin to predominate in these cultures, collagen biosynthesis rises from the basal mesenchymal level to a ...

We numerically investigate the application of steady blowing to three-dimensional stalled flows around lowaspect-ratio rectangular flat-plate wings at a Reynolds number of 300. The objective of this study is to explore techniques to enhance lift by directly modifying the dynamics of the wake vortices. Out of various combinations of forcing location anddirection considered,we identify two config...

The effect of the gap between endplates and wing sections on aerodynamic lift and drag forces was investigated. This was studied in order to determine the maximum gap distance at which flow can still be considered two-dimensional, and tip effects can be neglected. A non-dimensional distance, λ, was defined as the ratio of gap distance, d, to laminar boundary layer thickness, δt,laminar , over t...

Wing sails offer a different design challenge to those of more conventional soft sail rigs. This study was undertaken in order to assess which parameters influence wingsail performance of C-Class catamarans, and to what extent, the results from the wind tunnel can be applied in the design developments of future wingsails. A combined wing sail and Cclass catamaran was tested in the low-speed sec...

The alula is a small structure located at the joint between the hand-wing and arm-wing of birds and is known to be used in slow flight with high angles of attack such as landing. It is assumed to function similarly to a leading-edge slat that increases lift and delays stall. However, in spite of its universal presence in flying birds and the wide acceptance of stall delay as its main function, ...

LARGE proportion of the X chromosome deficiencies maintained A in stock at this laboratory are balanced over In(~)dl-qg, y Hw. When such deficiencies were examined cytologically, it was frequently noticed, especially when the chromosomes were unpaired, that there was some departure from the normal salivary gland chromosome banding of the tip region of the X carrying Hw. Since such material was ...

The prefabricated cracks propagation of ceramic under flame thermal shock was studied by real-time observation. experimental results show that wing are generated from both tips the crack, and complete failure samples is a high-speed process. crack speed fast at first then gradually slows down. maximum near tip increases with distance to heated surface, while an inverse trend observed for far ti...

In this study, the carcass and commercial cuts weights and yields in broilers of different ages fed diets supplemented with probiotics were determined. A total of 336 male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were randomly allocated into three treatment groups (P0, P1 and P2). A basal diet (P0), basal diet plus 0.01% (P1) and 0.02% (P2) probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4x10 8 cfu g -1 ) were offered t...