This paper shows a Geographical Information Systems & Science (GISc) approach for modeling land use and land cover change (LUCC) in a rapid urban growing region of Portugal. The SintraCascais area is integrated in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area which faced unparalleled rates of urbanization in the last thirty years. The study area is particula rly sensitive as it contains the Natural Park of Sint...

The potentials of the forthcoming new European Space Agency‘s (ESA) satellite sensor, Sentinel-2, for archaeological studies was examined in this paper. For this reason, an extensive spectral library of crop marks, acquired through numerous spectroradiometric campaigns, which are related with buried archaeological remains, has been resampled to the spectral characteristics of Sentinel-2. In add...

BACKGROUND Safe and effective colonoscopy is aided by the use of endoscopic techniques and maneuvers (ETM) during the examination including patient repositioning, stiffening of the endoscope and abdominal pressure. AIM To better understand the use and value of ETM during colonoscopy by using a device that allows real-time imaging of the colonoscope insertion shaft. METHODS The use of ETM du...

This paper presents the potential of the four-image spectral endmember (EM) space comprising sand (SL), green vegetation (GV), saline land (SA), and dark materials (DA), unmixed from Landsat TM/ETM+ to map dryland agricultural soil alkalinity and salinity (i.e., soil alkalinity (pH) and soil electrical conductivity (EC)) in the shallow root zone (0–20 cm) using partial least squares regression ...

Impervious surfaces (IS) such as asphalt, concrete and rooftops prevent percolation of water into the soil, creating water quantity and water quality impacts that have been extensively documented in the literature. Impervious surfaces can therefore be considered a direct indicator as to the quality of surrounding surface water including streams, lakes, and estuaries. Simply put, as the amount o...

Spectroradiometric measurements were made over a range of crop canopy densities, soil backgrounds and foliage colour. The reflected spectral radiances were convoluted with the spectral response functions of a range of satellite instruments to simulate their responses. When Normalised Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) from the different instruments were compared, they varied by a few percent,...

This paper compares the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percent impervious surface as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in Landsat imagery by investigating the relationships between the land surface temperature (LST), percent impervious surface area (%ISA), and the NDVI. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data were used to estim...

BACKGROUND The pain caused by orthodontic treatment has been considered as tough problems in orthodontic practice. There is substantial literature on pain which has exactly effected on learning and memory; orthodontic tooth movement affected the emotional status has been showed positive outcomes. Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription that has been used for pai...