background: transient and stable transformation of host plants are the common techniques to produce transgenic plants. however, the main drawback of stable transformation is the fact that it takes quite a long time to produce a transgenic line. while, transient gene expression is a quick method to produce recombinant proteins in plants.  objective: the main goal of the present study was to eval...

results based on the results obtained by the applied technique, the presence of carcinogenic compounds, n-nitrosomethyl-vinylamine (162 µg/g), n-nitrosonornicotine (6.3 µg/g), and acetaldehyde (117 µg/g) was confirmed in the sample. objectives the current study aimed to chemically analyze, separate and measure the existing substances in a type of chewing tobacco. materials and methods in the cu...

tobacco smoke contains numerous compounds, many ‎of which are oxidants and capable of producing free radical and enhancing ‎the oxidative stress. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on the erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme activities and the plasma ‎concentration of their cofactors. ‎sixty eight healthy men were enrolled, 32 of whom had never smoked and 36 ha...

context the aim of this review was to examine evidences for the association between smoking and periodontal disease, to discuss possible biological mechanisms whereby smoking may adversely affect the periodontium, and to consider the effect of smoking on periodontal treatment. evidence acquisition a web-based search in pubmed and google scholar was performed to identify publications regarding t...

Background: Tobacco is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. Tobacco toll in India has one-fifth of all worldwide death attributed to tobacco. There are 700000 deaths per year due to smoking and 800000-900000 per year to all forms of tobacco use of exposure in India. The role of dentist in supporting their patients to quit smoking has been recognized. The present study wa...

Introduction: Tobacco use poses a serious threat to global health. The tobacco epidemic is spreading in low- and middle-income countries, where the tobacco industries mainly target young people and women. Objective: This study aims to determine the predictors of tobacco use based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in female high school students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectiona...

background: to define underlying predictors of tobacco smoking among iranian teenagers in a generalized structural equation model. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, a generalized structural equation model based on planned behavioral theory was used to explain the relationship among different factors such as demographic factors, subjective norms, and the intention to tobacco ...