In this paper we present a novel class-based segmentation method, which is guided by a stored representation of the shape of objects within a general class (such as horse images). The approach is different from bottom-up segmentation methods that primarily use the continuity of grey-level, texture, and bounding contours. We show that the method leads to markedly improved segmentation results an...

In a paper published in this journal, Norvig (1991) pointed out that memoization of a topdown recognizer program produces a program that behaves similiarly to a chart parser. This is not surprising to anyone familiar with logic-programming approaches to NLP. For example, the Earley deduction proof procedure is essentially a memoizing version of the top-down SLD proof procedure employed by Prolo...

When pronouncing novel/unknown words, readers often use prior experience with similar, neighbor words. Comparison to neighbors can be helpful for unknown or novel words (wug is like pug), but it can also lead to errors (pint is not like mint). We investigate whether pronunciation can be affected by top-down influences, specifically the perceived taboo-ness of a known neighbor. While orthographi...

In PEPA, the calculation of the transitions enabled by a process accounts for a large part of the time for the state space exploration of the underlying Markov chain. Unlike other approaches based on recursion, we present a new technique that is iterative—it traverses the process’ binary tree from the sequential components at the leaves up to the root. Empirical results shows that this algorith...

Top-down proteomics is a revolutionary application for the identification and characterization of protein, known to be one of the most complicated and challenging issues in biology. In top-down proteomics, the quality and speed of the data warehouse is very important, as high accuracy results are returned by a database search. ProSight Warehouse fills the critical role as the data warehouse for...

Since an XML document has tree structure, XML transformations are ordinarily defined as recursive functions over the tree. Their direct implementation often causes inefficient memory usage because the input XML tree needs to be completely stored in memory. In contrast, XML stream processing can minimize the memory usage and execution time since it begins to output the transformation result befo...

Reading is a hobby to open the knowledge windows. Besides, it can provide the inspiration and spirit to face this life. By this way, concomitant with the technology development, many companies serve the e-book or book in soft file. The system of this book of course will be much easier. No worry to forget bringing the functional verification of programmable embedded architectures a top down appr...

BACKGROUND Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood that is often characterized by emotional instability. This period is also a time of increased incidence of anxiety and depression, underscoring the importance of understanding biological substrates of behavioral and emotion regulation during adolescence. Developmental changes in the brain in concert with individual predis...

In sport psychology, the relationship between competitive anxiety and performance has been one of the most debated and researched topics of enquiry. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unclear, as are the reasons why performance can sometimes be optimal (“clutch” performance) and sometimes far below what should be achieved (“choking”). The current chapter integrates r...