Since the beginning of the 1990s, Lithuania has been undergoing significant transformations in family life and has experienced a precipitous decline in fertility. The determinants of the changes are diverse in character and are associated with socioeconomic transformations, economic difficulties faced by the post-Soviet society, inadequate social and family policies and changing value orientati...

Many flavonoids have cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Total flavones from Rhododendron simsii Planch flower (TFR) can protect myocardial ischemic injuries. However, its protective mechanism is still unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism of TFR on myocardial I/R and anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injuries. Rat model of myocardial I...

The rapid fertility decline in China during the 1970s coincided with rapid rises in the educational attainment of Chinese women, raising questions about the relative importance of educational change to fertility trends. To examine this association, fertility declines in the period 1967-70 to 1979-81 were compared in 2 Chinese provinces--Liaoning, and economically advanced province, and Sichuan...

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) has been shown to be effective in correcting the anemia of chronic renal failure, but the dose needed may be variable. The reason for this variation is not known, but several factors could be involved, such as iron deficiency, inflammation, aluminum intoxication, hyperparathyroidism, blood losses, or marrow dysfunction. Treatment with rHuEpo was given i...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transferrin receptor (TfR) expression in erythroid cells is regulated by a number of factors, including iron status and erythropoietin (Epo) stimulation. However, the impact of these factors on reticulocyte TfR expression in vivo has never been studied. A soluble form of TfR (sTfR) is present in serum in proportion to the mass of cellular TfR. Although sTfR shedding by...

In 1979, the Chinese government introduced the One-child Policy for the purpose of controlling population growth. Thirty years later, the fertility rate in China has declined to a very low level and one-child families have become the norm. At the same time, the consequences of low fertility rates have emerged. In 2015, the government announced a new policy that encouraged couples to have two ch...

Recent demographic research has largely been focused on the rapid decline of fertility rates throughout the developed and developing world. The classic theories of the determinants of population change frequently used to model and explore fertility decline and transition in all populations have resulted from substantial empirical research. However many questions about the mechanisms involved in...

The seminar paper discusses, in lieu of an official proposal, the 1983 National Population Strategy, the Basic Principle of the 8th Development Plan (BP/8P), and the new Policy Directives of the Interim Government (PDIG) at the global, sectoral, and specific level in Nepal. Basic information on what defines a development strategy is given. The author states his concern that a 2.5 children/wom...

background: fertility as one of the factor affecting population growth itself is affected by various factors. therefore, identifying factors which can influence this component is very vital. the purpose of this study was comparative investigate fecundity rate of 15-49 year old and married women under imam-emdad-committee and rehabilitation organizations’ protection and 15-49 year old women who ...

Intravenous ascorbic acid (IVAA) medication has been shown to facilitate iron release from inert depots and subsequently circumvent the defective iron utilization in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients who are treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). This study focuses on the effects of IVAA supplementation on serum concentrations of soluble transferrin receptors (TfR) on the basi...