a r t i c l e i n f o Snow is among the most " colorful " materials in nature, but most of the variability in snow reflectance occurs beyond 0.8 µm rather than in the visible spectrum. In these wavelengths, reflectance decreases dramatically as the snow grains evolve and grow, whereas in the visible spectrum snow reflectance is degraded by contaminants such as dust, algae, and soot. From imagin...

This paper deals with the theoretical modeling of surface reflectance of acid textured multicrystalline wafer used in the processing of solar cell to minimize the surface reflectivity and there by enhancing the efficiency of the cell without wasting the wafers and time in optimizing the texturization process for the development of high efficiency solar cell. In the present study, texturization ...

With no object to hide behind in 3D space, the open ocean represents a challenging environment for camouflage. Conventional strategies for reflective crypsis (e.g., standard mirror) are effective against axially symmetric radiance fields associated with high solar altitudes, yet ineffective against asymmetric polarized radiance fields associated with low solar inclinations. Here we identify a b...

Broadband albedo is a very important geophysical parameter in the Earth surface–atmosphere interaction in either global climate change or hydrological cycle and snowmelt runoff studies. To derive the broadband albedo accurately from satellite optical sensor observation at limited bands and at a single observation angle, the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) has to be specified quantitative...

In recent years, research on epitaxial growth for photovoltaics became more important due to the increasing interest in thin-film silicon solar cells. Two significant challenges need to be resolved before this technique can become a competitive industrial alternative to the current dominating technology of bulk silicon solar cells: (i) the availability of a high-throughput and cost-effective ep...

Low conversion efficiency is still the main limiting factor for current solar-cell technologies. A large portion of the energy loss during solar-cell operation is attributed to optical loss, namely the loss of the incoming light by reflection.[1] To reduce the reflection loss, surface texturing and antireflection coatings are the most-commonly used strategies.[2–4] Surface texturing is able to ...

Reflection is a natural phenomenon that occurs when light passes the interface between materials with different refractive index. In many applications, such as solar cells or photodetectors, reflection is an unwanted loss process. Many ways to reduce reflection from a substrate have been investigated so far, including dielectric interference coatings, surface texturing, adiabatic index matching...

In the study, the chemically-derived reduced graphene oxide flakes on the pyramidal Si substrate to construct the heterojunction solar cells via simple spin-coating process have been presented. The total reflectance of chemically-derived graphene on pyramidal Si is ~12% at the wavelength of 550 nm which is remarkably reduced compared with that of reduced graphene oxide on planar Si. By modifyin...

Heavy metal pollutions of soil is one of the serious problems in the mining tailing areas, therefore, it is significant to estimate heavy metal of soil in the mining tailing areas. This research take Jinduicheng Mo mining tailings, Huaxian, Shaanxi Province as the study area. A total number of 288 soil samples collected at the mining tailing areas. And the heavy metal concentrations of Pb in so...