Indonesia faces unemployment and employment problems. In February 2021, the number of unemployed people aged 15 years over in reached 8.7 million. On other hand, Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted economic activity, uncertainty, 6.4 million workers were forced to be laid off. The rate is one problems that Indonesia’s problems, especially during pandemic. government, through Minister Manpower, seek...

Teachers’ judgments in their ability to motivate students and promote learning can play a vital role in determining a student’s performance in the classroom and once a belief has been held for a long time, it can become difficult to change. Utilising a sample of 467 beginner and final year pre-service teachers training to become primary (elementary) and secondary teachers, the aim of this study...