The Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) flourished in Central Asian riverine forest systems in a range disjunct from that of other tigers, but was driven to extinction in 1970 prior to a modern molecular evaluation. For over a century naturalists puzzled over the taxonomic validity, placement, and biogeographic origin of this enigmatic animal. Using ancient-DNA (aDNA) methodology, we genera...

With the rapid construction of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, big pipeline network was gradually formed in China and its surrounding areas, therefore the management of pipeline production becomes increasingly complicated and difficult. In this paper, we propose a data model for pipeline production to support the planning, scheduling, distribution, metering, energy consumption, process tec...

Medical gases can be identified simply if they are supplied at different pipeline pressures. Routine maintenance errors, accidental pipeline cross-connections, or gas failures, can be automatically detected by incorporating a pneumatic unit with pressure-sensitive valves into the anaesthetic machine. A fail-safe method of ensuring the delivery of the correct gases to the patient is described.

With the rapid increase in oil and gas consumption in the world’s energy consumption structure, the pace of global oil–gas pipeline construction has accelerated. Pipeline accidents that cause huge economic losses occur frequently, so inspection and maintenance of oil and gas pipelines have become critical issues. This paper presents a helical-contact deformation measuring method based on a mult...

Girth weld cracking is one of the main failure modes in oil and gas pipelines; girth weld cracking inspection has great economic and social significance for the intrinsic safety of pipelines. This paper introduces the typical girth weld defects of oil and gas pipelines and the common nondestructive testing methods, and systematically generalizes the progress in the studies on technical principl...

The Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipelines was a project of interconnected cross-border pipelines connecting ASEAN countries in bilateral manner based on the cooperation stipulated Memorandum Understanding Pipelines. This paper will identify with two (two) models already practised worldwide, namely model and unified model. method used this article normative juridical, including comparative approach statute ...

The Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) has declined by more than 90% since 1900 and is listed as endangered by IUCN. We made the first quantitative assessment of Caspian seal by-catch mortality in fisheries in the north Caspian Sea by conducting semi-structured interviews in fishing communities along the coasts of Russia (Kalmykia, Dagestan), Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. We recorded a documented minim...

Oil and gas transmission pipelines are critical items of infrastructure in providing energy sources to regions and countries. Steel pipes are commonly used which can be subject to both internal and external corrosion. This paper presents an advanced nondestructive inspection technique for detection of oil-gas pipeline corrosion defect. The Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) method has been successfully ...