BACKGROUND Rectal carcinoids are an uncommon entity comprising only 1%-2% of all rectal tumors. Rectal carcinoids are frequently diagnosed during colonoscopy, but management after polypectomy is still controversial. The aims of this study were to review the surgical procedures for rectal carcinoids and to compare the outcomes of patients after different treatment modalities in a university hosp...

The surgical approach for treating patients with rectal cancer has evolved from the perineal resection to sphincter-saving surgery so as to decrease local recurrence and to preserve organs. Along with surgical advances such as the total mesorectal excision (TME), the introduction of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has significantly lowered the local recurrence rate from 15%–20% to 4%–5% [1]. However, t...