Six strains of multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were isolated from cultured yellowtail. The strains were divided into two clusters based on the 16S rRNA genes, and all of them contained L1 metallo-beta-lactamase and L2 beta-lactamase genes. Differences in the intercluster divergence between the lactamase genes suggest that horizontal transfer of the genes occurred.

PURPOSE To assess the influence of second language (L2) proficiency on production characteristics of rhythmic sequences in the L1 (Bengali) and L2 (English), with emphasis on linguistic transfer. One goal was to examine, using kinematic evidence, how L2 proficiency influences the production of iambic and trochaic words, focusing on temporal and spatial aspects of prosody. A second goal was to a...

Maternal microchimerism (MMc) has been associated with development of allospecific transplant tolerance, antitumor immunity, and cross-generational reproductive fitness, but its mode of action is unknown. We found in a murine model that MMc caused exposure to the noninherited maternal antigens in all offspring, but in some, MMc magnitude was enough to cause membrane alloantigen acquisition (mAA...

The present study examines the interface between syntax and discourse-pragmatics in the production of verb second (V2) structures in a corpus of English texts by advanced L1 German and Dutch speakers. The evidence shows that the residual V2 produced by the learner groups studied is the result of a deficit at the interface rather than the transfer of narrow V2 syntax per se. The analysis offered...

Programmed death-1 (PD-1), an inhibitory receptor up-regulated on activated T cells, has been shown to play a critical immunoregulatory role in peripheral tolerance, but its role in alloimmune responses is poorly understood. Using a novel alloreactive TCR-transgenic model system, we examined the functions of this pathway in the regulation of alloreactive CD4+ T cell responses in vivo. PD-L1, bu...

Introduction. This paper constitutes merely an initial exploration into the field of rhetoric, a field that is quite new to me. Its stimulus was the realization, while working with Aquinas, of how rhetorical some of his arguments were despite his apparent rejection of rhetoric. 1 A little reading indicated the perilous state of the relationship between philosophy and rhetoric. Yet the practice ...

This study compared sentence intonation of L1 Mandarin by native speakers and L2 Mandarin by Cantonese learners, with both acoustic analysis and perceptual experiment. Three types of sentences (i.e., statement, intonation question, and particle question) ending with different tones and in different lengths were investigated. The perceptual experiment showed that declarative intonation in L2 spe...

This study compares patterns of consonant-to-consonant timing at word boundaries in English and Russian and investigates the roles of transfer and the emergence of linguistic universals in second language (L2) articulation. Native Russian speakers learning English and native English speakers learning Russian produced phrases in English and Russian contrasting VC#CV, VC#V, and V#CV sequences. Th...

In his The Rhetoric of Reaction, Albert Hirschman (1991) argues that each major advance in the development of citizenship in Western democracies has provoked three common forms of reactionary rhetoric by opponents of reform which, in turn, have been met by their three “progressive counterparts” advanced by advocates of reform. In this short note, we apply Hirschman’s taxonomies of rhetoric to t...