In intact Xenopus embryos an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ in the dorsal ectoderm is both necessary and sufficient to commit the ectoderm to a neural fate. However, the relationship between this Ca 2+ increase and the expression of early neural genes is as yet unknown. In intact embryos, studying the interaction between Ca 2+ signaling and gene expression during neural induction is complicate...

In this paper, we analyze a two-channel generalized sidelobe canceller with post-filtering in nonstationary noise environments. The post-filtering includes detection of transients at the beamformer output and reference signal, a comparison of their transient power, estimation of the signal presence probability, estimation of the noise spectrum, and spectral enhancement for minimizing the mean-s...

A 13-month time series of Arctic Ocean noise from the marginal ice zone of the Eastern Beaufort Sea is analyzed to detect under-ice acoustic transients isolated from ambient noise with a dedicated algorithm. Noise transients due to ice cracking, fracturing, shearing, and ridging are sorted out into three categories: broadband impulses, frequency modulated (FM) tones, and high-frequency broadban...

Our results indicate that B lymphocytes stimulated with anti-Ig or antigen exhibit repetitive [Ca2+]i transients which persist for hours. The magnitude of these transients favors an important and ongoing role for [Ca2+]i elevation in antigen driven B cell activation. Repetitive Ca2+ transients may prove to be a prevalent mechanism of Ca2+ signaling. In preliminary experiments (with L. E. Samels...

Many erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based multiwavelength optical networks employ techniques such as burst-switching or packet switching where the time interval between traffic blocks can be long enough to induce EDFA optical power transients. The optical power transients are created by abrupt changes in the average input power to the EDFAs and can adversely affect the performance of the n...

Transient algebra is a multi-valued algebra for hazard detection in gate circuits. Sequences of alternating 0’s and 1’s, called transients, represent signal values, and gates are modeled by extensions of boolean functions to transients. Formulas for computing the output transient of a gate from the input transients are known for NOT, AND, OR and XOR gates and their complements, but, in general,...

Intracellular calcium handling plays an important role in cardiac electrophysiology. Using two fluorescent indicators, we developed an optical mapping system that is capable of measuring calcium transients and action potentials at 256 recording sites simultaneously from the intact guinea pig heart. On the basis of in vitro measurements of dye excitation and emission spectra, excitation and emis...

Measurement of stress transients generated by a 400ns pulsed HF laser in an infrared fluoride glass fiber has been made using fast time – response piezoelectric film transducer. Acoustic signals up to 12 mV with frequencies ranging in megahertz generated by 21 mJ laser pulse when passed through the fiber axis in the linear region. It is shown that useful information such as onset of non - linea...

[1] Aseismic deformation transients can emerge as a natural outcome of the rate and state friction processes revealed in laboratory fault-sliding experiments. When that constitutive formulation is applied to model subduction earthquake sequences, transients can arise spontaneously for certain effective stress ( s) variations with depth. We show that if interstitial fluids are present and pore p...

To investigate the effects and mechanisms of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on ventricular contractility, ventricular myocytes isolated from adult rat and mouse hearts were exposed to CGRP. Myocyte contractility was assessed by a video edge motion detector, and the intracellular [Ca2+] transients were measured by a spectroflurophotometer in fura 2-loaded myocytes. CGRP exerted a potent ...