The role of frustration and quenched disorder in driving the transformation of a crystal into a glass is investigated in quasi-two-dimensional binary colloidal suspensions. Frustration is induced by added smaller particles. The crystal-glass transition is measured to differ from the liquid-glass transition in quantitative and qualitative ways. The crystal-glass transition bears structural signa...

The field-driven transition from an ordered Bragg glass to a disordered vortex phase in single-crystalline MgB2 is tuned by an increasing density of point defects, introduced by electron irradiation. The discontinuity observed in magnetization attests to the first-order nature of the transition. The temperature and defect density dependences of the transition field point to vortex pinning media...

A Theoretical background S2 A.1 Theoretical basis near critical transition point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 A.2 Three states during a critical transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S8 A.3 Identifying the switching point of stationary Markov process based on inconsistency score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S8 A.3.1 Algorithm ....

Mach stem formation during outdoor acoustic shock propagation is investigated using spherical oxyacetylene balloons exploded above pavement. The location of the transition point from regular to irregular reflection and the path of the triple point are experimentally resolved using microphone arrays and a high-speed camera. The transition point falls between recent analytical work for weak irreg...

We specify a symmetric connection management service between two service access points, using a state transition system and safety and progress requirements. At each access point, the user can request connection establishment, request connection termination, and signal whether or not it is willing to accept connection requests from the remote user. The protocol can indicate connection establish...

Monolayer MoS2 is a promising material for optoelectronics applications owing to its direct bandgap, enhanced Coulomb interaction, strong spin-orbit coupling, unique valley pseudospin degree of freedom, etc. It can also be implemented for novel spintronics and valleytronics devices at atomic scale. The band structure of monolayer MoS2 is well known to have a direct gap at K (K') point, whereas ...

The phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is explored as a function of temperature and baryon number density. We investigate the possible simultaneous formation of condensates in the conventional quark–anti-quark channel (breaking chiral symmetry) and in a quark–quark channel leading to color superconductivity: the spontaneous breaking of color symmetry via the formation of quark Cooper ...

In this study of 62 African American families living in poverty, we examined the main and interactive effects of psychological, family, and school factors on students’ grade point average across the middle school transition. Both parent interviews and student surveys were collected, resulting in three major findings. First, students experienced a significant decline in grade point average acros...

We present a higher order modal fixed point logic (HFL) that extends the modal μ-calculus to allow predicates on states (sets of states) to be specified using recursively defined higher order functions on predicates. The logic HFL includes negation as a first-class construct and uses a simple type system to identify the monotonic functions on which the application of fixed point operators is se...

Calculations of the work required to transform between bcc and fcc phases yield a high-precision bcc-fcc transition line for monodisperse point Yukawa (screened-Coulomb) systems. Our results agree qualitatively but not quantitatively with recently published simulations and phenomenological criteria for the bcc-fcc transition. In particular, the bcc-fcc-fluid triple point lies at a higher invers...