2 Résumé 4 Chapter 1: General Introduction 6 Chapter 2: Impacts of forebrain neuronal glycine transporter 1 disruption in the senescent brain: Evidence for age-dependent phenotypes in Pavlovian learning 28 Chapter 3: Examining the sex-and circadian dependency of a learning phenotype in mice with glycine transporter 1 deletion in two Pavlovian conditioning paradigms 52 Chapter 4: Glycine transpo...

BACKGROUND Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome is the result of impaired glucose transport into the brain. Patients with glucose transporter type 1 syndrome may present with infantile seizures, developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, spasticity and ataxia. CASE REPORT Here, we report a rare case of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome caused by a different pathogenic ...

Ribbon synapses formed between inner hair cells (IHCs) and afferent dendrites in the mammalian cochlea can sustain high rates of release, placing strong demands on glutamate clearance mechanisms. To investigate the role of transporters in glutamate removal at these synapses, we made whole-cell recordings from IHCs, afferent dendrites, and glial cells adjacent to IHCs [inner phalangeal cells (IP...

Kinetic properties of a native, neuronal glutamate transporter were studied by using rapid applications of glutamate to outside-out patches excised from Purkinje neurons. Pulses of glutamate activated anion currents associated with the transporter that were weakly antagonized by the transporter antagonist kainate. In addition, kainate blocked a resting anion conductance observed in the absence ...

Dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode causing infection and heartworm disease in dogs and other canids, cats, and occasionally in humans. Prevention with macrocyclic lactones (ML) is recommended during the mosquito transmission season. Recently, ML resistance has been reported. ABC-B transporter genes are thought to be involved in the mechanism of ML resistance in other nematodes. This stu...

It is generally assumed that there is symmetric distribution of the glucose transporter on the lumenal and ablumenal membranes of the brain capillary endothelial cell that makes up the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo. However, the presence of brain endothelial tight junctions allows for asymmetric distribution of BBB plasma membrane proteins. Glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT-1), the princi...

Linagliptin is a highly potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Unlike other DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin is cleared primarily via the bile and gut. We used a panel of stably and transiently transfected cell lines to elucidate the carrier-mediated transport processes that are involved in linagliptin disposition in vivo and to assess the po...

IDO is the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway, catabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine. Tryptophan depletion by IDO-expressing tumors is a common mechanism of immune evasion inducing regulatory T cells and inhibiting effector T cells. Because mammalian cells cannot synthesize tryptophan, it remains unclear how IDO(+) tumor cells overcome the detrimental effects of local tryptophan dep...

BACKGROUND Removing and sequestering synaptically released glutamate from the extracellular space is carried out by specific plasma membrane transporters that are primarily located in astrocytes. Glial glutamate transporter function can be monitored by recording the currents that are produced by co-transportation of Na+ ions with the uptake of glutamate. The goal of this study was to characteri...

Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive nucleoside transporter of human erythrocyte membranes. On Western blots of these membranes they labeled the broad "band 4.5" region (average apparent M(r) 55,000), which contains both the nucleoside and glucose transport proteins. However, they did not recognize the glucose transporter when this was prepared ...