We demonstrate that humans can use optic flow to estimate distance travelled when appropriate scaling information is provided. Eleven subjects were presented with visual targets in a virtual corridor. They were then provided with optic flow compatible with movement along the corridor and asked to indicate when they had reached the previously presented target position. Performance depended on th...

In many professional sports leagues, teams from opposing leagues/conferences compete against one another, playing inter-league games. This is an example of a bipartite tournament. In this paper, we consider the problem of reducing the total travel distance of bipartite tournaments, by analyzing inter-league scheduling from the perspective of discrete optimization. This research has natural appl...

For over 50 years the U.S. has been shifting away hom small, neighborhood schools to larger schools in lower density areas. Rates of children walking and biking to school have declined significantly over this period. This study examines the relationship between urban form, distance, and middle school students walking and biking to and from four schools in Oregon. Five primary results emerge: (1...

BACKGROUND It has been documented from a number of out-of-hours primary health care services that the utilisation of the services declines with increasing travel distances. In this study we have investigated the correlation between travel distances and the use of out-of-hours medical services for all Norwegian municipalities that provide such services at a single permanent casualty clinic round...

Walking insects probably monitor leg movements to estimate how far they travel, whereas flying insects monitor optic flow.

While urban form in general and density in particular are believed by many to significantly influence travel behavior, various recent studies have argued that the true determinants of travel patterns are attitudes rather than land use characteristics. This research builds on this notion and investigates to what extent a lack of congruence between physical neighborhood structure and preferences ...

This paper develops behavior models to analyze traveler propensity towards a new ‘‘very light jet”-based on-demand air service (ODAS), also labeled air taxi service, with the broader objective of providing guidance for the enabling stakeholders including business operators, policy-makers and aircraft manufacturers. The models predict the probability of individuals switching from their usual pre...

This paper uses contingent behavior and contingent pricing analyses to explore the proper valuation of time and transport costs within the context of recreation demand. The contingent behavior analysis poses hypothetical increases in access fees, travel time, and travel distance and considers recreation demand responses. As a useful complement, the contingent pricing analysis poses hypothetical...

BACKGROUND Travel burden is a key element in conceptualizing geographic access to health care. Prior research has shown that both rural and minority populations bear disproportionate travel burdens. However, many studies are limited to specific types of patient or specific locales. The purpose of our study was to quantify geographic and race-based differences in distance traveled and time spent...