BACKGROUND Anterior cervical discectomy with interbody fusion cages is considered the standard surgical procedure in patients with cervical disc herniation. However, PEEK or metal cages have some undesirable imaging characteristics, leading to a search for alternative materials not creating artifacts on images; silicon nitride ceramic. Whether patients treated with silicon nitride ceramic cages...

The criminal justice system creates particular challenges for persons with HIV and Hepatitis C, many of whom have a history of injection drug use. The case of Scott Ortiz, taken from public trial and sentencing transcripts, reveals the manner in which incarceration may delay learning of important health problems such as Hepatitis C infection. In addition, the case of Mr. Ortiz suggests the bias...

in the legal proceeding, should an oathbe taken in case oflack of proof on the part of plaintiff, it would causeextinction of the claim of the plaintiff. now, if it wasproved that the oath has been false when the definitejudgment has been issued, we encounter the problem ofunlawfulness of reversal of judgment of the judge injurisprudence and that of validity of what is judged in theiranian and ...

In June the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that a British Columbia family physician had adequately discharged her duty to disclose even though she failed to tell her patient of a serious but very small increased risk to her fetus posed by a case of chickenpox. The patient, Carole Arndt, gave birth in 1986 to a daughter who was diagnosed with congenital varicella syndrome. She requires feeding th...

Proving amount of injured person’s damage caused by committed crime is important issue both theoretically and practically. In doctrine can be observed divergent approaches as to who responsible for proving in this respect. This article emphasizes role person a direct interest obtaining compensation highlights the importance settling matter redressing actually criminal trial. Determination shoul...

The Health Research Authority acted unlawfully in giving “misleading” and “confusing” messages to companies carrying out early stage clinical trials about new rules on publicly registering trials, a High Court judge has ruled. Mr Justice Jay said that the authority’s public utterances “fail the public law test of certainty and transparency,” which ensures that those who are required to comply w...

testimony is one of the most important reasons that legislator has accounted for proving the litigation and it is of special importance. witness is the most important pillar of testimony. due to great and special influence of testimony to prove or disprove the litigations, it is necessary to qualify the witness. one of the most important qualifications of the witness is his justice. justice is ...

In combination with randomization, blinding or masking is an important factor in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), particularly in trials that assess therapeutic effects. Here an attempt is made to explain blindness and why it is important. In clinical trials, blinding is defined as the condition imposed on a study in which study participants, health care providers and assessors collecting o...

BACKGROUND The UK Medical Research Council has proposed that complex interventions should be tested in exploratory trials prior to a full-scale trial so as to better define the intervention and test the feasibility of components such as recruitment. It is not clear to what extent this is being done. This study aimed to determine to what extent complex interventions are tested prior to a full-sc...