Supervisors’ perceptions of how fairly they are treated by their own supervisors can influence their subordinates’ perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. We present a moderated mediation model that demonstrates how workgroup structure can enhance or constrain these effects. Results show supervisors’ perceptions of the fairness of the interactional treatment they receive relate to their subordina...

Investments in elite sport and major sporting events are often justified policy by various rationales, one of which is a ‘trickle-down’ effect whereby successful athletes have positive impact on general participation rates. This likely to be greater when hosting events, as home advantage can contribute success. The purpose this research explore the possibility trickle-down sports club membershi...

introduction: lack of water and deterioration in the quality of soil and water resources are considered to be the prime cause of reduced crop yield in arid and semi-arid regions ‘more crop per drop’ by trickle irrigation, deficit irrigation, and uncommon water are the best strategies for mitigating water crises. different irrigation management strategies are needed to increase production in dif...

A convenient interactive design environment requires efficient facilities for shading solid models represented in CSG. Shading techniques based on boundary eval­ uation or ray casting that require calculations of geometric intersections are too ineffi­ cient for interactive graphics when eSG primitives with curved (parametric) surfaces are involved. Projective approaches, where the primitive su...

The Stroke Prevention Trial has confirmed that utilization of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD), which examines blood flow in large intracranial vessels, can identify children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are at high risk of developing a premature stroke. It is not known to what extent the vasculopathy in SCD involves small vessels and whether the abnormalities, if present, corre...

Trickle bed reactors are governed by equations of flow in porous media such as Darcy’s law and the conservation of mass. Our numerical method for solving these equations is based on a total-velocity splitting, sequential formulation which leads to an implicit pressure equation and a semi-implicit mass conservation equation. We use high-resolution finite-difference methods to discretize these eq...

It is possible to represent each of a number of Markov chains as an evolving sequence of connected subsets of a directed acyclic graph that grow in the following way: initially, all vertices of the graph are unoccupied, particles are fed in one-byone at a distinguished source vertex, successive particles proceed along directed edges according to an appropriate stochastic mechanism, and each par...

The biological treatment of styrene waste gas in a trickle–bed filter (TBF) was investigated. The bioreactor consisted of a two-part glass cylinder (ID 150 mm) filled with 25 mm polypropylene Pall rings serving as packing material. The bed height was 1m. Although the laboratory temperature was maintained at 22 °C, the water temperature in the trickle–bed filter was slightly lower (about 18 °C)....