Pure trigeminal motor neuropathy is characterized by trigeminal motor weakness without signs of trigeminal sensory or other cranial nerve involvement. We describe a 63-year-old woman with progressive weakness and atrophy of the left masticatory muscles. She had no sensory disturbance. The diagnosis of pure trigeminal motor neuropathy was made on the basis of clinical and electrophysiologic stud...

Trigeminal neuralgia is classically associated with neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve, at the root entry zone (REZ). However, patients are occasionally affected by intra-axial involvement of trigeminal sensory fibers caused by demyelinating diseases, strokes and, rarely, pontine cavernous malformations. We discuss the management strategies and decision-making process in a 55-yea...

The primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices project to several trigeminal sensory nuclei. One putative function of these corticofugal projections is the gating of sensory transmission through the trigeminal principal nucleus (Pr5), and some have proposed that S1 and S2 project differentially to the spinal trigeminal subnuclei, which have inhibitory circuits that could inhibit or ...

A carotid cavernous fistula is an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Rarely, this communication is associated with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery, with or without a trigeminal artery aneurysm. We report a case of spontaneous carotid-trigeminal cavernous fistula in which the persistent trigeminal artery was shown only on vertebral artery...

three cases who underwent surgery in different areas of the craniofacial region were reported with bradycardia developing intraoperatively during flap traction. many cases of the oculocardiac reflex during treatment of the orbital region have been reported in the literature. this manuscript recorded that reflex bradycardia can occur during traction or stretching of any structure innervated by t...

The persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare anastomosis between the carotid artery and basilar artery. While most PTAs are asymptomatic, lateral variants can occasionally compress the trigeminal nerve and precipitate trigeminal neuralgia. Aneurysms of the PTA are exceptionally rare in the literature and have not previously been associated with trigeminal neuralgia. We present the...

In an attempt to integrate biological components with silicon-based devices and systems, artificial silane surfaces have been successfully used to grow motoneurons in a defined environment. In this study we characterized the morphology and electrophysiology of purified rat embryonic (E14) motoneurons grown on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of N-1[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine (...

Reinnervation is needed to rescue muscle when motoneurons die in disease or injury. Embryonic ventral spinal cord cells transplanted into peripheral nerve reinnervate muscle and reduce atrophy, but low motoneuron survival may limit motor unit formation. We tested whether transplantation of a purified population of embryonic motoneurons into peripheral nerve (mean ± SE, 146,458 ± 4,011 motoneuro...

Monosynaptic connections to dorsal neck motoneurons of the cat from single afferents supplying primary endings of neck muscle spindles were studied using spike-triggered averaging techniques. Single-fiber EPSPs were detected in only 11 of the 112 afferent-motoneuron pairs examined. The average amplitude of single-fiber EPSPs recorded in motoneurons with a membrane potential of greater than -40 ...

conclusions ica with trigeminal neuralgia and local neuropathic itch is very rarely encountered in clinical practice. as it is not always diagnosed at first, some patients miss the best treatment period. therefore, we call for emphasis to be placed on early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment. introduction intramedullary cavernous angioma (ica) is a rare lesion of the spinal cord, represent...