construction of various heterocyclic rings. The reactions of pyrylium or thiopyrylium salts, six-membered cationic heteroaromatics containing an oxygen or sulfur atom, with nitrogen-containing nucleophiles to afford a variety of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds provide one of the most effective examples of the ring transformation. Sixmembered heterocycles such as pyridines, quinolines...

The determination of serum and urinary enzymes levels is widely used to assess both liver and kidney damage. However, during obstructive liver disease there is a concurrent elevation in the concentrations of serum and urinary hydrophobic bile salts, which have been reported to alter the activity of a number of enzymes making the accurate assessment of enzymic activity difficult [l]. Bile salts ...

I t has been previously reported (1) that brains of mice infected with the Theiler FA strain of mouse encephalomyelitis virus show marked inhibition in the rate of glucose phosphorylation. Since such impairment in the utilization of the most essential substrate of brain metabolism may be related to the neuron destruction in the course of the virus infection, its mechanism was investigated furth...