A tsunami warning center must be able to process and analyze seismic and sea level data to detect the occurrence of a tsunami and forecast its impact (Figure 5-1). National Tsunami Warning Centers (NTWC) and Regional Tsunami Watch Providers (RTWP) require a variety of hardware, software, computer applications and programs, and communication capabilities to support and maintain tsunami detection...

In the past few years we have unfortunately had several reminders of the ability of a particular type of ocean wave--a tsunami--to devastate coastal areas. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, in particular, was one of the largest natural disasters of past decades in terms of the number of people killed. The name of this phenomenon, tsunami, is possibly the only term that has entered the physics l...

The causes of 2018 Palu Bay (Indonesia) tsunami are still not entirely clear. There is an ongoing debate on whether the main cause waves observed was a significant co-seismic tectonic event which occurred underwater or it multiple landslides detected along coast and triggered by earthquake. Data from paper Liu et al. [2] in bathymetry bay analysed suggests that landslide-induced may have contri...

Abstract The southwest Iberia margin is widely believed to have hosted the 1755 Great Lisbon earthquake and ensuing tsunami, one of most destructive natural events in European history. Here we combine geophysical data numerical tsunami modelling investigate source mechanism responsible for this event. We find that an intra-plate, lithospheric¬-scale thrust fault located at Horseshoe Abyssal Pla...

Many survivors of the tsunami that occurred following the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, contracted a systemic disorder called "tsunami lung," a series of severe systemic infections following aspiration pneumonia caused by near drowning in the tsunami. Generally, the cause of aspiration pneumonia is polymicrobial, including fungi and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, but Aspergil...

A new unstructured grid, finite volume ocean model is described, that is suitable for flooding and drying problems. Here we derive the finite volume analogue of the P 1 −P1 finite element, by interpreting the advective term in the continuity equation in a flux sense. A corresponding non-overlapping control volume is then selected for the momentum equation. The resulting model employs the median...

The 1867 Virgin Island Tsunami reached large magnitude on the coasts of the Caribbean Islands. A maximum tsunami height of 10 m was reported for two coastal locations (Deshaies and Sainte-Rose) in Guadeloupe. Modelling of the 1867 tsunami is performed in the framework of the nonlinear shallow-water theory. The directivity of the tsunami wave source in the Caribbean Sea according to the assumed ...

Tsunami observations have particular importance for resolving shallow offshore slip in finite-fault rupture model inversions for large subduction zone earthquakes. However, validations of amplitude linearity and choice of subfault discretization of tsunami Green’s functions are essential when inverting tsunami waveforms. We explore such validations using four tsunami recordings of the 25 Octobe...

Original scientific paper Tsunami is one of the serious natural disasters in the world, which produce huge horizontal thrust on costal buildings, resulting in a large number of houses collapsed instantaneously, causing serious casualties and economic losses. In this paper, based on support from the hydrodynamic software FLOW-3D, the method of Volume of Fluid (VOF) is utilized to capture free in...

The fore-arc region of northeast Japan is an area of extensive seismic activity and tsunami generation. On July 13, 869 a tsunami triggered by a large-scale earthquake invaded its coastal zones, causing extensive deposition of well-sorted fine sand over the coastal plains of Sendai and S ma. Sediment analysis and hydrodynamic simulation indicate that the tsunami inferred to be triggered by a ma...