This paper proposes an analytical method based on drained solutions of cavity expansion and contraction in a unified clay sand model to investigate tunnel–soil–pile interactions. Cavity analyses are used evaluate the effects pile installation ground stresses determine end-bearing capacity distribution shaft friction. methods were adopted replicate tunnel convergence–confinement response using s...

During colony growth, leaf-cutting ants enlarge their nests by excavating tunnels and chambers housing their fungus gardens and brood. Workers are expected to excavate new nest chambers at locations across the soil profile that offer suitable environmental conditions for brood and fungus rearing. It is an open question whether new chambers are excavated in advance, or will emerge around brood o...

Ground movements during tunnel excavation are varied in magnitude and trend depending on several factors including the tunnel geometry, ground conditions, excavation methods, and support measures, etc. There exist several empirical and semi-empirical formulas available for predicting ground movements. These conventional methods, however, do not simultaneously take into consideration all the fac...

The late Pliocene is notable for the appearance of two new hominid genera as well as the first archaeological sites, generally attributed to the Oldowan Industrial Complex. However, the behavioral ecology of Oldowan hominids has been little explored, particularly at sites older than 2.0 Ma. Moreover, debates on Oldowan hominid foraging ecology and behavior have centered on data from only two re...

To cite: Kumar V, Surve A, Chandra P, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2016216729 DESCRIPTION A 3-year-old girl presented with poor vision OD since birth. The best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers OD and 20/40 OS with +1D in each eye. Esotropia of 45 prism dioptres (PD) was noted in OD. The anterior segment was unremarkable OU. OS...

INTRODUCTION Estimating groundwater inflow into a tunnel before and during the excavation process is an important task to ensure the safety and schedule during the underground construction process. CASE DESCRIPTION Here we report a case of the forecasting and prevention of water inrush at the Jinping II Hydropower Station diversion tunnel groups during the excavation process. The diversion tu...

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry is a formidable technique to monitor surface deformation with millimeter detection resolution. This study applies the Persistent Scatter-Interferometric (PSInSARTM) measure ground subsidence related twin-tunnel excavation in downtown Los Angeles, USA. The PSInSARTM suitable for urban settings because areas have strong reflectors. twin tunnels Angele...

This research work presents a case study of rock mass characterization on diversion tunnels at Diamer Basha Dam, Pakistan. Geological and geotechnical studies were performed to characterize the rock mass along the axis of diversion tunnel. The core specimens retrieved were tested in laboratory and physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass were determined. Detailed discontinuity survey...

INTRODUCTION Shotcrete lining forms an integral part of conventional tunneling and is widely applied for underground excavations. Early strength gain of the shotcrete is a crucial aspect for ground support and safety of operatives. Strength requirements are dependent on various factors such as lining thickness, ground type, excavation size and tunnel depth. The early strength gain is typically ...