We demonstrate a giant Rashba-type spin splitting on a semiconducting substrate by means of a Bi-trimer adlayer on a Si(111) wafer. The in-plane inversion symmetry is broken inducing a giant spin splitting with a Rashba energy of about 140 meV, much larger than what has previously been reported for any semiconductor heterostructure. The separation of the electronic states is larger than their l...

We analyze operator splitting methods applied to scalar equations with a nonlinear advection operator, and a linear (local or nonlocal) diffusion operator or a linear dispersion operator. The advection velocity is determined from the scalar unknown itself and hence the equations are so-called active scalar equations. Examples are provided by the surface quasi-geostrophic and aggregation equatio...

The use of self-tapping screws with continuous threads as a reinforcement to avoid splitting of members in connections with dowel-type fasteners was studied in two projects carried out at the Universities of Nottingham and Karlsruhe. The reinforced specimens showed a very ductile failure mode whereas the non-reinforced specimens failed in a brittle way. Although the reinforced specimens also sh...

Multi-class labeling is one of the core problems in image analysis. We show how this combinatorial problem can be approximately solved using tools from convex optimization. We suggest a novel functional based on a multidimensional total variation formulation, allowing for a broad range of data terms. Optimization is carried out in the operator splitting framework using Douglas-Rachford Splittin...

a field study was conducted to determine the integration of split n fertilization and herbicide application on weed management and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield in shiraz, iran, in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 growing seasons. the experimental design was split plot with four replications. main factors consisted of n timing and splitting, and sub plots included iodosulfuron–methyl–sodium plus me...

Splitting type loci are the natural generalizations of Brill-Noether varieties for curves with a distinguished map to projective line. We give tropical proof theorem H. Larson, showing that splitting have expected dimension general elements Hurwitz space. Our uses an explicit description on certain family curves. further show these connected in codimension one, and describe algorithm computing ...

We introduce the notion of a nonlinear splitting on fibre bundle as generalization an Ehresmann connection. present its basic properties and we pay attention to special cases affine, homogeneous principal splittings. explain where splittings appear in context Lagrangian systems Finsler geometry show their relation Routh symmetry reduction, submersive second-order differential equations unreduct...

We present an analysis of stationary solutions for two-dimensional (2D) Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with the Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling and Zeeman splitting. By introducing generalized momentum operator, linear version system can be solved exactly. The are semi-vortices Bessel-vortex (BV) modified (MBV) types, in presence weak strong splitting, respectively. ground states (GSs) full n...

We report on the measurement of the Rashba-type spin splitting of the Shockley surface state on Cu(111) by spinand angle-resolved photoemission at room temperature. Along the spatial direction expected for a Rashba-type effect the measured spin splitting corresponds to what has previously been reported by first principle calculations which were verified by high resolution ARPES using low temper...