The balanced scorecard (BSC) has developed as a very useful managerial tool from the mid1990s, and has met with general (and often enthusiastic) acceptance in both business and academic circles. In the knowledge-networked innovation economy of the early 21 century, which is increasingly characterized by globally integrated supply and demand chains, outsourcing of traditional business competenci...

We examine the case of a two-person repeated game played by a boundedly rational player versus an unboundedly rational opponent. The former is restricted to strategies which are implementable by connected finite automata. It is shown that the “rational” player has a dominant strategy, and that in some cases the “weaker“ (boundedly rational) player may exploit this fact to “blackmail” him. It is...

Our intuitions tell us that computer software is vastly better than it was 20 years ago -more diverse, more reliable, more powerful. However, the aggregate measures we use for software show only slow progress. Meanwhile, computer hardware basks in the glow of Moore's Law, and software seems to pale in comparison. While it is possible that software power does grows sluggishly in comparison to ha...

In the surviving fragments of his treatise On Heraclea historian Memnon assigns a central role to exiles from Heraclea. As opponents tyranny, they represented destabilising element, constant danger survival Clearchid regime. This article explores events that led banishment exiles, reconstructs politics expulsion implemented by tyrants, and clarifies status their political orientation in light M...

As it has evolved, networked learning has come to emphasise the importance of the collaborative learning aspects and possibilities of online learning (c.f. McConnell 2000, Steeples and Jones 2002). The importance assumed for collaboration based forms of partitication within NL has almost become ubiquitous and is frequently seen as an unquestionable good aspect – a utopian view of participation ...

This paper uses the Kaldor-Hicks compensation principle to compute the present value (PV) of a non-marginal future event. Three theoretical results stand out: first, decreasing returns to capital create a wedge between the PV of future generations’ willingness to pay (WTP) and the PV of their willingness to accept compensation (WTA); second, the discount rates implicit in the computation of the...

"Three tribes of Babylonians," Herodotus wrote, "eat nothing but fish, which they catch and dry in the sun. They pound the dried fish in a mortar with a pestle and sift through a cloth then mix with liquid and bake like bread." Such are their customs, he reported, "Having no physicians, they bring the sick to the agora to receive advice from passers-by who have similar ailments."

Nowadays, being at ‘high risk’ of having a disease has become a disease in and of itself. Sweeping educational programmes at all levels of healthcare now turn an otherwise healthy person’s ‘high’ blood pressure, elevated serum lipids or low bone density into chronic conditions having increased risk of a potentially bad event. But what represents ‘high risk’? This question lies at the heart of m...