exergy analysis and response surface methodology (rsm) is applied to reduce the exergy loss and improve energy and exergy efficiency of acetic acid production plant. exergy analysis is run as a thermodynamic tool to assess exergy loss in reactor and towers of acetic acid production process. the process is simulated in aspen plus(v.8.4) simulator and the necessary thermodynamics data for calcula...

Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the production of mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) by Collybia maculata was investigated. The optimum temperature and the initial pH for EPS production in a shake-flask culture of C. maculata were found to be 20°C and 5.5, respectively. Among the various medium’s constituents examined, glucose, Martone A-1, K2HPO4, and CaCl2 were the...

The article presents an approach to design tubular reactors in recycle systems, based on non-linear analysis. A pseudohomogeneous plug-flow reactor model is used. It is assumed that the separation unit delivers product and recycle streams with fixed composition. The stand-alone reactor has a unique stable steady state. The coupled reactor /separation /recycle system shows four types of conversi...

This article describes an in−depth follow−up to previous studies showing that an oil−methanol mixer prior to an RD reactor played an important role in enhancing the overall performance of the RD reactor system. An in−line static mixer was used for the purpose of providing initial mixing of the reactants, heating the mixture up to the desired operating temperature, and carrying out a substantial...

One of the key parameters in Fluidized Bed reactors is the control of biofilm thickness and configuration. The effect of upflow velocity on performance and biofilm characteristics of an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor was studied in treating Currant wastewater at various loading rates. The reactor used this study was made of a plexiglass column being 60 mm diameter, 140 cm height, and a volume ...

Odor control has gained importance for ensuring a comfortable living environment. In this paper, the authors report the experimental results of a study on the detailed characteristics of a laminated film-electrode and a laminated film-electrode packed-bed nonthermal plasma reactor, which are types of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor used for odor control. These plasma reactors can be ...

reactor core for nuclear power plant (1293 mwe) is of pressurized water reactor (pwr) type , with net electric output of 1200 mwe. the reactor is designed by a german company kwu (krafts werk :union:). in order to introduce the methods of calculation of the reactor core parameters to the students at the institute of nuclear science and technology, and in addition to provide them with the basic ...

The flux and the spectrum of reactor antineutrinos depend not only on the current reactor state, which is specified by the power level and the isotope composition of the nuclear fuel used, but also on the preceding evolution of the fuel. The spectrum of antineutrinos produced in the beta decay of fission products and other radioactive nuclei accumulated in the reactor core begin to evolve towar...

Calcium is essential to the growth of several strains of microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion. It has also been found to be effective in speeding up granulation of anaerobic sludges. But there are reports that the metal can exert a harmful effect on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor by causing the ‘cementing’ of some of the active sludge in the reactor,...

Control of complex nonlinear systems brings challenges in the controller design. One of methods how to cope with this challenge is the usage of advanced optimization methods. This work presents application of self-organizing migrating algorithm (SOMA) in control of the semi-batch reactor. The reactor is used in chromium recycling process in leather industry. Because of the complexity of this se...