ZnO ultraviolet (UV)/visible photodiodes were fabricated. The N-In codoped p-type ZnO films were deposited on (111)-oriented silicon substrate by ultrasonic spraying pyrolysis method. It was found the photocurrent approximately 3.9 10 A at a bias of 1 V and a photocurrent to dark current contrast ratio higher than around two orders of magnitude. The photodiodes exhibited two higher responsive r...

 Flash Boiling atomization is one of the most effective means of generating a fine and narrow-dispersed spray. Unless its complexity its potential has not been fully realized. In This Paper, a three dimensional chamber has been modeled with a straight fuel injector. Effect of Flash Boiling has been investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. A finite volume approach with the ...

This article explains the mechanism of the metal/oxide core-shell Ag/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 nanoparticle formation via one-step ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) by establishing a new model. The general knowledge on the standard “droplet-to-particle” (DTP) mechanism, nucleation, and growth processes of noble metals, as well as physical and chemical properties of core and shell materials and experiment...

A liquid jet upon atomization breaks up into small droplets that are orders of magnitude smaller than its diameter. Direct numerical simulations of atomization are exceedingly expensive computationally. Thus, the need to perform multiscale simulations. In the present study, we performed multiscale simulations of primary atomization using a Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) algorithm coupled with a two-way ...

A quantum Monte Carlo study of the atomization energies for the G2 set of molecules is presented. Basis size dependence of diffusion Monte Carlo atomization energies is studied with a single determinant Slater-Jastrow trial wavefunction formed from Hartree-Fock orbitals. With the largest basis set, the mean absolute deviation from experimental atomization energies for the G2 set is 3.0 kcal/mol...

Ž . Ž . ABSTRACT: The local spin-density LSD functional and Perdew]Wang 91 PW91 generalized gradient approximations to atomization energies of molecules are investigated. We discuss the coupling-constant dependence of the atomization energy and why exchange errors of the functionals are greater than exchange]correlation errors. This fact helps to justify hybrid schemes which mix some exact exch...

1 Atomization Process and Sensor Overview 2 Parameters 2 Processes 2 Mechanism 3 Heuristics 4 Summary 4 Intelligent Sensors for Atomization Process Control 4 Laser Scattering Techniques 5 Laser Diffraction Particle Analysis 5 Particle Counting, Sizing and Velocity Measurement 6 Phase/Doppler Particle Analysis 7 Imaging Techniques 9 Electrical Methods 1 o Isokinetic Sampling 1 o Prospects and Ne...