Scleractinian corals are the major builders of the complex structural framework of coral reefs. They live in tropical waters around the globe where they are frequently exposed to potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The eggs and early embryonic stages of some coral species are highly buoyant and remain near the sea surface for prolonged periods of time and may therefore be the most ...

The use of chemical and physical sunscreening agents has increased dramatically during the last two to three decades as an effective means of preventing sunbum. The use of high sunprotection factor sunscreens has also been widely promoted for the prevention of skin cancer, including melanoma. Whereas sunscreens are undoubtedly effective in preventing sunbum, their efficacy in preventing skin ca...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to be one of the most important environmental hazards acting on the skin. It was revealed that chronic exposure to UVR accelerates skin aging, induces immunosuppression and may lead to the development of skin cancers. On the other hand, UVR has been shown to be effective in the treatment of numerous skin diseases and thus, various phototherapy modalities hav...

Excessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure induces erythema, mediated in part by prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)). While keratinocytes are a major PGE(2) source, epidermal melanocytes (EM) also express PGE(2)-production machinery. It is unclear whether EM-produced PGE(2) contributes to UVR-induced skin inflammation, and whether this is correlated with melanogenesis. Epidermal melanocytes were cu...

PURPOSE While exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a recognized risk factor for cataract, its association is more controversial with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We report the associations of lifetime exposure to ambient UVR with cataract extraction and AMD. METHODS The Alienor Study is a population-based study of 963 residents of Bordeaux (France), aged 73 years or more. Lif...

Temperature is expected to modify the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on photosynthesis by affecting the rate of repair. We studied the effect of short-term (1 h) and long-term (days) acclimation to temperature on UVR photoinhibition in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal. Photosynthesis was measured during 1 h exposures to varying irradiances of PAR and UVR + PAR at 15,...

The aims of this research were to investigate the effects diets with added synthetic canthaxanthin (10% parafarm) and evaluate its possible protective role under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in prawn Artemesia longinaris. Three isoproteic isolipidic (41% protein 12% lipid) containing 0 (C0), 100 (C100), 300 (C300) mg kg-1 diet prepared. Before initiating experiment, prawns fed different for a pe...

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) protect against photocarcinogenesis in animals, but prospective human studies are scarce. The mechanism(s) underlying the photoprotection are uncertain, although omega-3 PUFAs may influence oxidative stress. We examined the effect of supplementation on a range of indicators of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced DNA damage in humans, a...

PURPOSE To investigate DNA damage in the rat lens after in vivo close-to-threshold exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats received 5 kJ/m2 UVR (lambdaMAX = 300 nm, lambda0.5 = 10 nm) unilaterally for 15 minutes. Animals were killed at 1, 6, and 24 hours and at 1 week after exposure. DNA-strand breaks were investigated in sagittal paraffin sections using the TdT-d...

New drugs undergo safety evaluations of many types. For some drugs, a photocarcinogenesis study forms one of the elements in the overall toxicology package. Photocarcinogenesis studies are designed to evaluate a drug's ability to modify the growth and development of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin tumors in albino hairless mice. "Exposure control" groups in such studies receive the UVR...