In North America, investment in unconventional oil extraction has increased due to the scarcity of conventional reserves. The rapid production growth has induced an extensive transportation activity, sometimes using aging pipelines and inadequate rail tank cars. Without surprise, in recent years, several high impact oil spills have occurred, as the taken place in Lac-Mégantic, the worst terrest...

BACKGROUND Medical pluralism has flourished throughout the Western world in spite of efforts to legitimize Western biomedical healthcare as "conventional medicine" and thereby relegate all non-physician-related forms of healthcare to an "other" category. These "other" practitioners have been referred to as "unconventional", "alternative" and "complementary", among other terms throughout the pas...

The relationship between oil reserves and oil extraction has recently become of interest to research community. Current empirical literature lacks an identification strategy that addresses endogeneity problem. This study takes advantage of (arguably) exogenous reserves discoveries to identify the effect of size of reserves on oil production. Our findings show that although in general oil produc...

In this paper we adopt a non linear approach to examine the dynamics of the international reserves holdings by the emerging economies. To do so, we estimate the demand for international reserves with a panel smooth transition model, that loosens two restricting hypotheses, homogeneity and time-stability. We find evidence for the presence of a non linear behavior in the demand for international ...

ions for Directing Self-Organising Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Daniel Coore Abstractions for Code Reuse in ECOLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Dean D. Holnessions for Code Reuse in ECOLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Dean D. Holness Programming an Amorphous Computational Medium . . . . . . . . . ....

Marine reserves affect areas outside reserve boundaries via the displacement of fishing effort and the export of production. Here we focus on how these key factors interact to influence the results seen once reserves are created. For a settlement-limited fishery, export of increased production from within reserves can offset the effects of displaced fishing effort. We develop simple mathematica...

Marine reserves are increasingly recognized as having linked social and ecological dynamics. This study investigates how the ecological performance of 56 marine reserves throughout the Philippines, Caribbean, and Western Indian Ocean (WIO) is related to both reserve design features and the socioeconomic characteristics in associated coastal communities. Ecological performance was measured as fi...

Marine reserves can help in maintaining biodiversity and potentially be useful as a Wshery management tool by removing human-mediated impacts. Intertidal, soft-sediment habitats can often support robust recreational and commercial shellWsh harvests, especially for clams; however, there is limited research on the eVects of reserves in these habitats. In San Juan County, Washington, several reser...

The reservoir computing scheme is a machine learning mechanism which utilizes the naturally occuring computational capabilities of dynamical systems. One important subset of systems that has proven powerful both in experiments and theory are delay-systems. In this work, we investigate the reservoir computing performance of hybrid network-delay systems systematically by evaluating the NARMA10 an...

1. Summary Alternative configurations for more efficient supersonic aircraft are suggested by consideration of the sources of drag at high speeds. Results of studies described in this paper indicate that supersonic aircraft with much higher efficiencies than previously achieved are possible with reduced Mach number. The paper focuses on two promising candidate solutions: oblique wings and confi...