Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in industrial processes for their simplicity and robustness. The main application problems are the tuning of PID parameters to obtain good settling time, rise time and overshoot. The challenge is to improve the timing parameters to achieve optimal control performances. Remarkable findings are obtained through the use of Artifici...

This paper studies and solves the problem of asymptotic stabilization of switched systems consisting of unstable secondorder linear time-invariant (LTI) subsystems. Necessary and su cient conditions for asymptotic stabilizability are ® rst obtained. If a switched system is asymptotically stabilizable, then the conic switching laws proposed in the paper are used to construct a switching law tha...