Flood management is more and more adopting a risk based approach, whereby flood risk is the product of the probability and consequences of flooding. One of the most common approaches in flood risk assessment is to estimate the damage that would occur for floods of several exceedance probabilities (or return periods), to plot these on an exceedance probability-loss curve (risk curve) and to esti...

Objective To evaluate the evidence on comparisons of established cardiovascular risk prediction models and to collect comparative information on their relative prognostic performance. Design Systematic review of comparative predictive model studies. Data sources Medline and screening of citations and references. Study selection Studies examining the relative prognostic performance of at least t...

BACKGROUND Product risk management involves critical assessment of the risks and benefits of health products circulating in the market. One of the important sources of safety information is the primary literature, especially for newer products which regulatory authorities have relatively little experience with. Although the primary literature provides vast and diverse information, only a small ...

supplier evaluation and selection is complex which caused by the dynamic and fuzzy environment. current mcdm methods do not consider the nature of the environment that can affect the process of evaluation and ranking. the aim of this study is to propose a dynamic fuzzy hybrid mcdm method for evaluation, ranking and selection. the proposed method employs fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fahp) f...

Hormesis, a dose-response relationship phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition, has been frequently observed in properly designed studies and is broadly generalizable as being independent of chemical/physical agent, biological model, and endpoint measured. This under-recognized and -appreciated concept has the potential to profoundly change toxicology and its r...

this paper explores people’s behavior when they are facing financial risks. through the setting of an economics experiment, people’s willingness to bear financial risks and their tendency to impose risks on others are investigated. the experiment result shows that most people are risk-neutral or risk-averse when making decision under financial environment, and their tendency to impose risks on ...

We study a principal–agent model with moral hazard and adverse selection. Risk‐neutral agents limited liability have arbitrary private information about the distribution of outputs cost effort. show that under multiplicative separability condition, optimal mechanism offers single contract. This condition holds, for example, when output is binary. If principal's payoff must also satisfy free dis...

Risk bounds for Classification and Regression Trees (CART, Breiman et. al. 1984) classifiers are obtained under a margin condition in the binary supervised classification framework. These risk bounds are obtained conditionally on the construction of the maximal deep binary tree and permit to prove that the linear penalty used in the CART pruning algorithm is valid under a margin condition. It i...