Based on wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) deployed in an underground coal mine, a miner's lamp video collaborative localization algorithm was proposed to locate miners in the scene of insufficient illumination and bifurcated structures of underground tunnels. In bifurcation area, several camera nodes are deployed along the longitudinal direction of tunnels, forming a collaborative cl...

Past efforts to estimate methane emissions from underground mines, surface mines, and other coal mine operations have been hampered, to different degrees, by a lack of direct emissions data. Direct measurements have been completely unavailable for several important coal mining operations. A primary goal of this study was to collect new methane emissions measurements and other data for the most ...

Soil salinity is one of the important factors which can influence the growth anddistribution of plant species. Saline and alkaline rangelands of Golestan Province, Iran withlow-deep underground water level are considered as a halophyte plant species growing area.Attempts have been made to determine soil salinity and its relationship with Frankenia hirsutaL. In order to determine the Electrical ...

Photometric stereo (PS) [3] is a technique to accurately recover the normal map of a 3D scene from several pictures (at least three) taken from the same view point and under different illumination conditions. When the light directions and intensities are known, photometric stereo can be solved as a linear system. When the illumination is not known, one needs to solve a much harder problem: unca...

Underground mines are a special type of environment which requires significant attention since they directly relate to miners‟ productivity, health and safety. With coal or ore exploitation into deep underground mine environments, high temperature and humidity creates risks because of large amounts of heat generated from geothermal heat, mining machines, groundwater and mine water. There have b...

Rock burst is the most attractive and hot research area in geomechanics, mining, and civil engineering due to the increasing depth of mines and construction of deep underground structures. It has also been a severe problem in ground control measures in the last few decades. Many studies have been done by different researchers in order to minimize the hazards of rock burst and to provide a safe ...

today, saving and storing water are among the most critical and important issues which have attracted the world's attention. history of storing water in the form of ghanat and water reservoir by iranians goes back to ancient times. studies on this field show that benefiting from underground dams was one of the methods employed for exploiting water in past times. in countries like iran, due...

A central unresolved issue in evolutionary biology is how metabolic innovations emerge. Low-level enzymatic side activities are frequent and can potentially be recruited for new biochemical functions. However, the role of such underground reactions in adaptation toward novel environments has remained largely unknown and out of reach of computational predictions, not least because these issues d...

A Bluetooth beacon-based underground navigation system (BBUNS) was developed to identify the optimal haul road in an underground mine, track the locations of dump trucks, and display this information on mobile devices. A three-dimensional (3-D) geographic information system (GIS) database of the haul roads in an underground mine was constructed, and the travel time for each section was calculat...

Researchers have long noted that child support policy for low-income parents may discourage formal child support payments and increase fathers’ participation in the underground economy. Among other factors, low-income fathers may have an incentive to avoid the formal child support system through underground work, since child support order amounts for low-income fathers can be quite high relativ...