The previous Chapters have been concerned with the propagation of waves in empty space or in uniform, homogeneous media. It is now time to introduce more complicated geometries, building towards those appropriate to optical waveguides. We begin with a qualitative discussion of the phenomena that occur when light strikes a dielectric interface. Figure 5.1-1 shows a plane wave incident at an angl...

Q1: What is the diagnosis? The diagnosis is pycnodysostosis, which is a rare form of skeletal dysplasia characterised by moderate and generalised osteosclerosis. The diagnosis is based on clinical features and radiological findings. The cardinal features are short stature, large open fontanelles (the fontanelles may remain open even in adulthood), an obtuse mandibular angle, dysplastic clavicle...

A thermal elastic-plastic stress analysis is carried out on steel fiber reinforced aluminum metal-matrix composite arch under uniform temperature distribution. The arch is fixed at both ends. The composite material is assumed to be strain hardening linearly. First yielding temperature, thermal residual stresses and the distribution of these stresses under thermal loading are investigated by usi...

Mixtures of long- and short-chain phospholipids can spontaneously form uniform unilamellar vesicles (ULVs) with diameters 50 nm (polydispersities of <0.3) or less. The morphology of these ULVs has mainly been characterized using small angle neutron scattering (SANS), a technique highly suited for the study of hydrogenous materials. Once formed, these ULVs have turned out to be highly stable and...

Applying one ultrashort magnetic field pulse, we observe up to 10 precessional switches of the magnetization direction in single crystalline Fe films of 10 and 15 atomic layers. We find that the rate at which angular momentum is dissipated in uniform large angle spin precession increases with time and film thickness, surpassing the intrinsic ferromagnetic resonance spin lattice relaxation of Fe...

This paper presents a new method to analyze the closedform kinematics of a generalized three-degree-of-a-freedom spherical parallel manipulator. Using this analytical method, concise and uniform solutions are achieved. Two special forms of the three-degree-of-freedom spherical parallel manipulator, i.e. right-angle type and a decoupled type, are also studied and their unique and interesting pro...

The control is designed from the condition of decreasing Lyapunov function on the trajectories of the closed loop system. This control may be chosen a priori bounded. As example we consider the rotational system with nonlinear dissipative force and disturbances which periodically depends on the angle. We consider also the problem of evaluating unknown external periodic torque of this rotational...

The strength of electron-phonon coupling in atomically uniform films of Ag on Fe is determined by angle-resolved photoemission from quantum well states in these films over a wide temperature range. As the film thickness is reduced, contributions from the surface and interface should become more important, and, experimentally, a large enhancement with superimposed quantum oscillations is observe...

In this paper, some earlier results dealing with fuzzy relations on fuzzy sets by one of the present authors are recapitulated to clarify the motivational background of the present study. Then concepts like fuzzy homorelation, correlation, cohomorelation, fuzzy function and fuzzy morphism are introduced and discussed. The presentation is uniform and integrated in the sense that every concept is...

A generalization of the cosine of the Friedrichs angle between two subspaces to several closed subspaces in a Hilbert space is given. This is used to analyze the rate of convergence in the von Neumann-Halperin method of cyclic alternating projections. General dichotomy theorems are proved, in the Hilbert or Banach space situation, providing conditions under which the alternative QUC/ASC (quick ...