BACKGROUND The diffusion-limited reaction rate of a uniform spherical reactant is generalized to anisotropic reactivity. Previous work has shown that the protein model of a uniform sphere is unsatisfactory in many cases. Competition of ligands binding to two active sites, on a spherical enzyme or cell is studied analytically. RESULTS The reaction rate constant is given for two sites at opposi...

Wrist movements are physically constrained and take place within a small range around the hand’s rest position. We explore pointing techniques that deal with the physical constraints of the wrist and extend the range of its input without making use of explicit mode-switching mechanisms. Taking into account elastic properties of the human joints, we investigate designs based on rate control. In ...

Fractional derivative relaxation type equations (FREs) including fractional diffusion equation and fractional relaxation equation, have been widely used to describe anomalous phenomena in physics. To utilize the characteristics of fractional dynamic systems, this paper proposes a scale-dependent finite difference method (S-FDM) in which the non-uniform mesh depends on the time fractional deriva...

The neutral rate of allelic substitution is analyzed for a class-structured population subject to a stationary stochastic demographic process. The substitution rate is shown to be generally equal to the effective mutation rate, and under overlapping generations it can be expressed as the effective mutation rate in newborns when measured in units of average generation time. With uniform mutation...

sometimes the need for non-circular ducts arises in many heat transfer applications because of lower pressure drop of non-circular cross section such as square duct compared to circular tube, particularly in compact heat. but square cross section has poor heat transfer performance and it is expected that using a nanofluid as a new heat transfer media may improve the heat transfer performance of...

We study the uniform approximation of the canonical conformal mapping, for a Jordan domain onto the unit disk, by polynomials generated from the partial sums of the Szegő kernel expansion. These polynomials converge to the conformal mapping uniformly on the closure of any Smirnov domain. We prove estimates for the rate of such convergence on domains with piecewise analytic boundaries, expressed...