The energy conserved during oxidoreduction in the mitochondrial respiratory chain may be used either for ATP synthesis or in other energy-linked reactions, including the uptake of univalent and bivalent cations (Ernster & Lee, 1964). A sustained phase of cation uptake by isolated mitochondria, and a concurrent increase in the respiration rate, usually requires the addition of a permeant anion, ...

Let / be a function analytic in the unit disc, properly normalized, with bounded boundary rotation. There exists a Stieltjes integral representation for 1 +zf"(z)jf'(z). From this representation, and in view of a known variational formula for functions of positive real part, a variational formula is derived for functions of the form q(z) = l +zf"(z)jf'(z). This formula is for functions of arbit...

In this paper we study some aspects of a conjecture on the convolution of univalent functions in the unit disk D , which was recently proposed by Grünberg, Ronning, and Ruscheweyh (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 322 (1990), 377-393) and is as follows: let 3 := {/ analytic in D: \f"(z)\ < Ref'(z), z £ D} and g, h £ S? (the class of normalized univalent functions in D) . Then Ke(f*g*h)(z)/z > 0 in D . W...

Let f and F be members of H. The function f is said to be subordinate to F, or F is said to be superordinate to f , if there exists a functionw analytic in U, withw 0 0 and |w z | < 1, and such that f z F w z . In such a case, we write f ≺ F or f z ≺ F z . If the function F is univalent in U, then we have f ≺ F if and only if f 0 F 0 and f U ⊂ F U cf. 1 . Definition 1.1 see 1 . Let φ : C2 → C a...

In task switching experiments, comparing performance with bivalent stimuli (affording both tasks) to univalent stimuli (affording one task) confounds the need to change focus between dimensions and stimulus-task binding, because bivalent stimuli require focusing (and refocusing) but also appeared in the competing task before. To separate these influences, participants switched between vertical ...