A nucleoside analogue, 1 -(2’-deoxy-~-~-ribofuranosyl)-3-nitropyrrole (4) was designed to function as a universal replacement for any of the natural nucleosides in DNA sequences. Compound 4 was synthesized by the reaction of 3-nitropyrrole with sodium hydride and l-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-toluoyl-~-e~opentofuranose, and the structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Nucleoside 4 was transfor...

In cross-species amplification tests of 15 ungulate primers in pampas deer, five were retained to form a small panel of highly polymorphic loci that could be used to efficiently screen populations of this endangered species. The polymerase chain reactions were performed incorporating the universal fluorescent labeled M13 (-21) primer. In 69 pampas deer, average allelic diversity was 15, expecte...

Detection of phytoplasma classified in phylogenetic group 16SrI, ‘Ca. Phytoplasma asteris’, in the plants of interspecific genotypes of Brassica oleracea x Brassica napus and their back-cross toward B. oleracea (IW7.7xB1) is reported in Poland. The presence of phytoplasmas in leaves of plants showing failure of flower bud formation but not in the asymptomatic hybrids was demonstrated by polymer...

In a recent study, Kress et al. compared two plant genomes to seek out plant DNA barcodes. Two promising markers balanced the variability that is needed to distinguish species with conserved primer regions that enable universal amplification. Although this study is the most rigorous effort to date, problems from earlier barcoding efforts, such as the use of non-evolutionary species concepts and...

( a ) Autoradiograph of RNA species which arise in a transcription reaction. Nomenclature, fragment sizes and experimental conditions are as in 141. RNA circles are arrowed wth their tentative sizes in nucleotides. Precursor (p), ribozyme (IVS), ligated exons (SE3E) and precursor in which the downstream exon has been hydrolysed (5EI) are depicted. ( b ) Autoradiograph of radiolabelled amplified...

Phytophthora ramorum is a recently introduced pathogen in Europe and North America consisting of three clonal lineages. Due to the limited intralineage genetic variation, only a few polymorphic markers are available for use in studies involving the epidemiology and evolution of P. ramorum. A total of 159 primer pairs for candidate polymorphic SSR loci were tested with universal labeling. Four p...

A rapid method is described to efficiently perform site-directed mutagenesis based on overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (OE-PCR). Two template DNA molecules in different orientations relative to only one universal primer were amplified in parallel. By choosing a high dilution of mutagenic primers it was possible to run an overlap extension PCR in only one reaction without purification...

Genetics research has benefited tremendously from the release of the human genome sequence. Subsequent technology has been developed and adapted to accommodate the need for faster, easier throughput of genetic assays. Pyrosequencing is a unique system that allows the analysis of genetic variations including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, indels and short repeats, as well as assessing RNA alle...

Here we provide a primer on biometric technology.1 In particular, this chapter introduces the technical terminology and the major concepts related to biometric applications. We first define the terms, “biometrics” and “biometric authentication.” Next, we discuss three universal components present in the operation of all biometric technologies, including the difference between applications that ...