It is reported that every year hundreds of bridges were collapsed due to the dynamic forces acting on piers particularly during floods and scour around foundations. Since determination velocity distribution upstream pier directly related with this force, it important predict effect a presence diameter bridge turbulence parameters. In study, time variation point velocities in stream-wise vertica...

A hybrid method to simulate unsteady multiphase flows is described. One phase is represented by moving particles and the other phase is defined on stationary mesh. The flow field is discretized by a conservative finite volume approximation on the stationary mesh, and the interface is automatically captured by the distribution of particles moving through the stationary mesh. The effects of surfa...